Imithelela ye-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus isiyonke kanye nenani le-nitrogen kukhwalithi yamanzi

I-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus isiyonke kanye nenani le-nitrogen ziyizinkomba ezivamile zokungcoliswa kwemvelo emanzini. Umthelela wabo eqophelweni lamanzi ungahlaziywa ngezindlela eziningi.
Okokuqala, i-COD iyinkomba yokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini, okungabonisa ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Imizimba yamanzi ene-COD ephezulu ivame ukuba ne-turbidity ephezulu kanye nombala, futhi ijwayele ukuzala amagciwane, okuholela ekuphileni okufushane kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-COD kuzophinde kudle umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini, okuholela ku-hypoxia noma ngisho nokuminyanisa emzimbeni wamanzi, okubangela ukulimala empilweni yasemanzini.
Okwesibili, i-ammonia nitrogen ingenye yezakhi ezibalulekile emanzini, kodwa uma ukugxila kwe-ammonia nitrogen kuphezulu kakhulu, kuzoholela eutrophication yomzimba wamanzi futhi kukhuthaze ukwakheka kwezimbali ze-algae. Ukuqhakaza kwe-algae akugcini nje ngokwenza amanzi abi, kodwa futhi kudla inani elikhulu le-oxygen encibilikile, okuholela ku-hypoxia emanzini. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungabangela inani elikhulu lokufa kwezinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-ammonia nitrogen kuzoveza iphunga elibi, elizoba nemiphumela emibi endaweni ezungezile kanye nempilo yezakhamuzi.
Okwesithathu, i-phosphorus isiyonke iyingxenye ebalulekile yezakhi zezitshalo, kodwa ukugcwala kwe-phosphorus okuphelele kuzothuthukisa ukukhula kolwelwe nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini, okuholela eutrophication yemithombo yamanzi kanye nokuvela kokuqhakaza kwe-algal. Ukuqhakaza kwe-algal akugcini nje ngokwenza amanzi aguge futhi anuka, kodwa futhi kudla inani elikhulu le-oxygen encibilikile futhi kuthinte ikhono lokuzihlanza lamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye i-algae ezifana ne-cyanobacteria zingase zikhiqize izinto ezinobuthi, zibangele ukulimala endaweni ezungezile kanye nemvelo.
Ekugcineni, i-nitrogen isiyonke yakhiwe i-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrate nitrogen ne-organic nitrogen, futhi iyinkomba ebalulekile ebonisa izinga lokungcoliswa kwezakhi emanzini. Ingqikithi ye-nitrogen eningi ngokweqile ngeke nje ikhuthaze ukuvuthwa kwemvelo emanzini kanye nokwakheka kwezimbali zama-algal, kodwa futhi kunciphise ukucaca kwemithombo yamanzi futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani eliphelele le-nitrogen eliphelele lizophinde libe nomthelela ekunambithekeni nasekunambithekeni komzimba wamanzi, kuthinte ukuphuza nempilo yezakhamuzi.
Ukufingqa, i-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus isiyonke kanye nenani le-nitrogen eliyingqikithi yizinkomba ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi yamanzi, futhi ukugxila kwawo okuphezulu kuzoba nomthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile yamanzi kanye nempilo. Ngakho-ke, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nasekukhiqizeni, kufanele siqinise ukuqapha nokuphathwa kwezinga lamanzi, sithathe izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokunciphisa ukuchithwa okungcolisa amanzi, nokuvikela imithombo yamanzi kanye nendawo ezungezile.