Kungani amanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi kunzima kangaka ukuwaphatha? Kufanele siqale siqonde ukuthi ayini amanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi kanye nomthelela wamanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi ohlelweni lwe-biochemical! Lesi sihloko sidingida kuphela ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical emanzini angcolile anosawoti omningi!
1. Ayini amanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi?
Amanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi asho amanzi angcolile anosawoti ophelele okungenani ongu-1% (okulingana no-10,000mg/L). Ikakhulukazi ivela ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali kanye nokuqoqwa nokucutshungulwa kwamafutha negesi yemvelo. La manzi angcolile aqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinto (okuhlanganisa nosawoti, uwoyela, izinsimbi ezisindayo eziphilayo nezinto ezikhipha imisebe). Amanzi angcolile anosawoti akhiqizwa ngemithombo ehlukahlukene, futhi inani lamanzi liyakhula unyaka nonyaka. Ukukhipha ukungcola kwemvelo emanzini angcolile anosawoti kunomthelela obalulekile endaweni ezungezile. Izindlela zebhayoloji zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Izinto zikasawoti ezigxile kakhulu zinomphumela ovimbelayo kuma-microorganisms. Izindlela ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa, okudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, futhi kunzima ukufeza umphumela wokuhlanza olindelekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zebhayoloji ukwelapha amanzi angcolile anjalo kuseyingqikithi yocwaningo ekhaya naphesheya.
Izinhlobo kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile anosawoti omningi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngenqubo yokukhiqiza, kodwa usawoti oqukethwe usawoti omningi njengoCl-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+. Nakuba la ma-ion eyimisoco ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwama-microorganisms, adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukusabela kwe-enzymatic, ukugcina ibhalansi ye-membrane kanye nokulawula ingcindezi ye-osmotic ngesikhathi sokukhula kwama-microorganisms. Kodwa-ke, uma ukugxila kwalawa ma-ion kuphezulu kakhulu, kuzoba nemiphumela evimbelayo kanye nobuthi kuma-microorganisms. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko yizi: ukuhlushwa kukasawoti omningi, ukucindezela okukhulu kwe-osmotic, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kwamangqamuzana amancane, okubangela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-cell protoplasm; ukuphuma kukasawoti kunciphisa umsebenzi we-dehydrogenase; high chloride ions Amagciwane anobuthi; ukugcwala kukasawoti kuphezulu, ukuminyana kwamanzi angcolile kuyanda, futhi udaka olucushiwe luntanta kalula futhi lulahleke, ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuhlanzeni kohlelo lokwelapha lwebhayoloji.
2. Umphumela wobusawoti ezinhlelweni zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo
1. Kuholela ekuphelelweni kwamanzi emzimbeni nasekufeni kwama-microorganisms
Emazingeni aphezulu kasawoti, izinguquko kumfutho we-osmotic ziyimbangela eyinhloko. Ingaphakathi le-bacterium liyindawo evalekile kancane. Kumele ishintshisane ngezinto eziwusizo namandla nemvelo yangaphandle ukuze igcine ubungqabavu bayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi ivimbele izinto eziningi zangaphandle ukuthi zingangeni ukugwema ukulimaza i-biochemistry yangaphakathi. Ukuphazamiseka kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuphendula.
Ukwanda kokugxila kukasawoti kubangela ukugxila kwesisombululo ngaphakathi kwamagciwane kube ngaphansi kunezwe langaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesici samanzi asuka ekugxiliseni okuphansi kuya ekugxiliseni okuphezulu, inani elikhulu lamanzi liyalahleka kubhaktheriya, okubangela izinguquko endaweni yawo yangaphakathi yokusabela kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical, ekugcineni abhubhise inqubo yawo yokusabela kwe-biochemical kuze kube yilapho iphazamiseka. , amagciwane ayafa.
2. Ukuphazamisa inqubo yokumuncwa kwezinto ezincane kanye nokuvimbela ukufa kwazo
Ulwelwesi lwamaseli lunesici sokungena okukhethekile ukuze luhlunge izinto eziyingozi emisebenzini yokuphila kwamagciwane futhi lumunce izinto ezinenzuzo emisebenzini yalo yokuphila. Le nqubo yokumuncwa ithinteka ngokuqondile ekugxilweni kwesisombululo, ukuhlanzeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, njll. kwendawo yangaphandle. Ukwengezwa kukasawoti kubangela ukuthi indawo yokumunca amagciwane iphazamiseke noma ivinjwe, ekugcineni kubangele ukuthi umsebenzi wempilo yebhaktheriya uvinjwe noma ufe. Lesi simo sihluka kakhulu ngenxa yezimo zebhaktheriya ngabanye, izimo zezinhlobo, izinhlobo zikasawoti kanye nokugxila kukasawoti.
3. Ubuthi nokufa kwamagciwane
Amanye ama-salts azongena ngaphakathi kwamagciwane kanye nemisebenzi yawo yokuphila, abhubhise izinqubo zawo zangaphakathi zokusabela kwe-biochemical, kanti amanye azosebenzisana nolwelwesi lwamangqamuzana amagciwane, okubangele ukuthi izakhiwo zawo zishintshe futhi zingabe zisawavikela noma zingasakwazi ukumunca okuthile. izinto eziyingozi kumabhaktheriya. Izinto eziwusizo, ngaleyo ndlela zibangele umsebenzi obalulekile wamabhaktheriya ukuthi uvinjelwe noma amagciwane afe. Phakathi kwazo, usawoti wensimbi esindayo yiwo omele, futhi ezinye izindlela zokuvala inzalo zisebenzisa lesi simiso.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi umthelela wokuba nosawoti omningi ekwelashweni kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical ubonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Njengoba usawoti ukhula, ukukhula kodaka olucushiwe kuyathinteka. Izinguquko ku-curve yayo yokukhula zimi kanje: isikhathi sokujwayela siba side; izinga lokukhula esikhathini sokukhula kwe-logarithmic liba kancane; futhi ubude besikhathi sokukhula kokuncipha siba side.
2. Usawoti kuqinisa ukuphefumula kwe-microbial kanye ne-cell lysis.
3. Usawoti kunciphisa ukubola kanye nokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo. Yehlisa izinga lokususwa kanye nezinga lokuwohloka kwento ephilayo.
3. Isistimu ye-biochemical system ingamelana nosawoti omningi kangakanani?
Ngokusho “Ngezinga Lekhwalithi Yamanzi Okulahlwa Kwendle Okuchithelwa Kumapayipi Endle” (CJ-343-2010), lapho kungena endaweni yokukhuculula indle ukuze kuhlanzwe okwesibili, ikhwalithi yendle echithwa emiseleni yasemadolobheni kufanele ihambisane nezidingo zeBanga B (Ithebula. 1), phakathi kwayo i-chlorine Amakhemikhali angu-600 mg/L, i-sulfate engu-600 mg/L.
NgokweSithasiselo 3 "Ikhodi Yokuklama Imisele Yangaphandle" (i-GBJ 14-87) (i-GB50014-2006 nezinhlelo zika-2011 azikucacisi okuqukethwe kukasawoti), "Ukugxiliswa okuvunyelwe kwezinto eziyingozi emanzini angenayo ezakhiwo zokwelapha zebhayoloji", ukuhlushwa okuvumelekile kwe-sodium chloride ngu-4000mg/L.
Idatha yesipiliyoni sobunjiniyela ibonisa ukuthi uma ukugxila kwe-chloride ion emanzini angcolile kungaphezu kuka-2000mg/L, umsebenzi wama-microorganisms uzovinjelwa futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lizoncishiswa kakhulu; lapho ukugxila kwe-chloride ion emanzini angcolile kungaphezu kuka-8000mg/L, umthamo wodaka uzokwenyuka. Ukwandiswa, inani elikhulu legwebu livela phezu kwamanzi, futhi ama-microorganisms azofa ngokulandelana.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, sikholwa ukuthi ukugxiliswa kwe-chloride ion okukhulu kuno-2000mg/L nokuqukethwe kukasawoti okungaphansi kuka-2% (okulingana no-20000mg/L) kungaphathwa ngendlela yodaka eyenziwe yasebenza. Kodwa-ke, lapho usawoti uphezulu, isikhathi sokujwayela siba side. Kodwa khumbula into eyodwa, Okuqukethwe kukasawoti emanzini angenayo kufanele kuzinzile futhi akukwazi ukuguquguquka kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho isimiso se-biochemical ngeke sikwazi ukumelana nakho.
4. Izinyathelo zokwelashwa kwesistimu ye-biochemical yamanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi
1. Ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kodaka olucushiwe
Uma usawoti ungaphansi kuka-2g/L, indle enosawoti ingalashwa ngokufuywa. Ngokwandisa kancane kancane okuqukethwe kukasawoti emanzini okuphakelayo kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, ama-microorganisms azolinganisela ingcindezi ye-osmotic ngaphakathi kwamaseli noma avikele i-protoplasm ngaphakathi kwamaseli ngokusebenzisa izindlela zawo zokulawula ingcindezi ye-osmotic. Lezi zindlela zokulawula zihlanganisa ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana ukuze kwakhe ungqimba olusha lokuvikela olungaphandle kwamangqamuzana futhi zizilawule ngokwazo. Izindlela ze-metabolic, izinguquko ekwakhekeni kofuzo, njll.
Ngakho-ke, udaka oluvamile olucushiwe lungaphatha amanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi phakathi kwebanga elithile likasawoti ngokufuywa isikhathi esithile. Nakuba udaka olucushiwe lungakhuphula uhla lokubekezelela usawoti lwesistimu futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwesistimu ngokufuywa, ukufuywa kwe-sludge ecushiwe Ama-microorganisms anebanga elilinganiselwe lokubekezelela usawoti futhi azwela izinguquko endaweni ezungezile. Lapho imvelo ye-chloride ion ishintsha ngokuzumayo, ukuguquguquka kwama-microorganisms kuzoshabalala ngokushesha. Ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kuwukulungiswa kwesikhashana kokuphila kwamagciwane ukuze azivumelanise nendawo ezungezile futhi akunazo izici zofuzo. Lokhu kuzwela okuguquguqukayo kuyingozi kakhulu ekuhlanzeni indle.
Isikhathi sokutholwa kodaka olucushiwe ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-7-10. I-Acclimation ingathuthukisa ukubekezelelana kwama-microorganisms we-sludge ekugxilweni kukasawoti. Ukuncipha kokugcwala kodaka okucushiwe ekuqaleni kokujwayelana kungenxa yokwanda kwama-microorganisms anoshevu wesisombululo sikasawoti futhi okubangela ukufa kwamanye ama-microorganisms. Ikhombisa ukukhula okungekuhle. Esigabeni sakamuva sokufuywa, ama-microorganisms ajwayele indawo eshintshile aqala ukuzala, ngakho-ke ukugcwala kodaka olucushiwe kuyanda. Ukuthatha ukususwa kweI-CODngodaka olucushiwe ku-1.5% kanye no-2.5% wezixazululo ze-sodium chloride njengesibonelo, amazinga okususwa kwe-COD ezigabeni zokuqala nezakamuva zokujwayela yilezi: 60%, 80% kanye 40%, 60% ngokulandelana.
2. Nciphisa amanzi
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcwala kukasawoti ohlelweni lwe-biochemical, amanzi angenayo angahlanjululwa ukuze okuqukethwe kukasawoti kube ngaphansi kwenani lomkhawulo onobuthi, futhi ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji ngeke kuvinjwe. Inzuzo yayo ukuthi indlela ilula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuphatha; ububi bayo ukuthi inyusa izinga lokucubungula, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. .
3. Khetha amagciwane abekezelela usawoti
Amabhaktheriya e-Halotolerant yigama elijwayelekile lamabhaktheriya akwazi ukubekezelela ukugxila okuphezulu kukasawoti. Embonini, ikakhulukazi yizinhlobo eziyisibopho ezihlolwayo futhi ezinothisiwe. Njengamanje, usawoti omningi ungabekezelelwa cishe ku-5% futhi ungasebenza ngokuzinzile. Kubuye kubhekwe njengohlobo lwamanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi. Indlela yokwelapha ye-biochemical!
4. Khetha ukugeleza kwenqubo okunengqondo
Izinqubo zokwelashwa ezihlukene zikhethwa ekugxilweni okuhlukene kokuqukethwe kwe-ion ye-chloride, futhi inqubo ye-anaerobic ikhethwa ngokufanele ukuze kuncishiswe ububanzi bokubekezelela ukuhlushwa kwe-ion ye-chloride esigabeni esilandelayo se-aerobic. .
Uma usawoti ungaphezu kuka-5g/L, ukuhwamuka nokugxila ekukhishweni kukasawoti emanzini kuyindlela eyonga kakhulu futhi esebenza ngempumelelo. Ezinye izindlela, njengezindlela zokutshala amagciwane anosawoti, zinezinkinga okunzima ukuzisebenzisa ezimbonini.
Inkampani ye-Lianhua ingahlinzeka nge-COD analyzer esheshayo ukuhlola amanzi angcolile anosawoti amaningi ngoba i-reagent yethu yamakhemikhali ingavikela amashumi ezinkulungwane zokuphazanyiswa kwe-ion ye-chloride.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-25-2024
