Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi

Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ahlanganisa amanzi angcolile akhiqizwayo, indle yokukhiqiza kanye namanzi okupholisa. Kubhekiselwa emanzini angcolile kanye noketshezi olulahlwayo olukhiqizwa ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ezimbonini, oluqukethe izinto zokukhiqiza ezimbonini, imikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo, imikhiqizo ephumayo kanye nezinto ezingcolile ezikhiqizwa ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ezilahleka ngamanzi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamanzi angcolile ezimboni anezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, amanzi angcolile embonini kasawoti e-electrolytic aqukethe i-mercury, amanzi angcolile ancibilikisa izinsimbi ezisindayo aqukethe umthofu, i-cadmium nezinye izinsimbi, amanzi angcolile embonini ye-electroplating aqukethe i-cyanide ne-chromium nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, amanzi angcolile okucwengisiswa kwe-petroleum aqukethe i-phenol, amanzi angcolile embonini akhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane aqukethe izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, njll. Njengoba amanzi angcolile ezimbonini evame ukuba nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezinobuthi, ukungcolisa indawo ezungezile kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa okuphelele, ukuguqula ukulimala kube inzuzo, futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuhlanza ezihambisanayo ngokuya ngokwakheka nokugcwala kokungcola. emanzini angcolile ngaphambi kokuthi akhishwe.
Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini abhekisela emanzini angcolile, indle kanye noketshezi olulahlwayo olukhiqizwa ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ezimbonini, oluqukethe izinto zokukhiqiza ezimbonini, imikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo kanye nemikhiqizo elahleka ngamanzi kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo ezikhiqizwa inqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni, izinhlobo kanye nenani lamanzi angcolile kuye kwanda ngokushesha, futhi ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi sekuye kwanda futhi kubi kakhulu, okusongela impilo nokuphepha kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kubaluleke kakhulu kunokwelashwa kwendle yasemadolobheni.

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezintathu:

Esokuqala siwukuhlukanisa ngokwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zokungcola okuyinhloko okuqukethwe emanzini angcolile ezimbonini. Amanzi angcolile aqukethe ikakhulukazi izinto ezingcolisa izinto ezingaphili, futhi amanzi angcolile aqukethe ikakhulukazi izinto ezingcolile eziphilayo. Isibonelo, amanzi angcolile e-electroplating kanye namanzi angcolile asuka ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa angamanzi angcolile angaphili, amanzi angcolile aphuma ekudleni noma ekucutshungulweni kwe-petroleum angamanzi angcolile aphilayo, futhi amanzi angcolile aphuma embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya angamanzi angcolile axubile. Amanzi angcolile akhishwa ezimbonini ezahlukene aqukethe izingxenye ezahlukene.

Okwesibili ukuhlukanisa ngokusho kwemikhiqizo kanye nezinto ezicutshungulwa zamabhizinisi ezimboni, njengamanzi angcolile ensimbi, amanzi angcolile okwenza amaphepha, amanzi angcolile e-coking amalahle, amanzi angcolile ensimbi, amanzi angcolile omanyolo wamakhemikhali, ukuphrinta izindwangu nokudaya amanzi angcolile, amanzi angcolile okudayi, amanzi angcolile esikhumba, isibulala-zinambuzane. amanzi angcolile, amanzi angcolile esiteshi sikagesi, njll.

Uhlobo lwesithathu luhlukaniswa ngokwezingxenye eziyinhloko zokungcola okuqukethwe emanzini angcolile, njengamanzi angcolile ane-asidi, amanzi angcolile ane-alkali, amanzi angcolile ane-cyanide, amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-chromium, amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cadmium, amanzi angcolile ane-mercury, i-phenol-containing waste -aqukethe amanzi angcolile, amanzi angcolile aqukethe uwoyela, amanzi angcolile anesulphur, amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-organic phosphorus kanye namanzi angcolile anemisebe.
Izindlela ezimbili zokuqala zokuhlukanisa azibandakanyi izingxenye eziyinhloko zokungcola okuqukethwe emanzini angcolile, futhi azikwazi ukubonisa ukulimaza kwamanzi angcolile.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini
Ngokuvamile, amanzi angcolile akhiqizwa ezimpilweni zethu aqukethe cishe izinto ezinobuthi, kanti amanzi angcolile okukhiqizwa kwezimboni cishe aqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo, amakhemikhali nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ukukhipha ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngeke nje kubangele ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo, kodwa inkampani izophinde ibhekane nezinhlawulo nezinhlawulo. Ezimweni ezibucayi, kuzoyalwa ukuthi kumiswe ibhizinisi futhi kuvalwe.
Yenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuhloleni amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, lawula ukugcwala kanye nokukhipha ukungcola emanzini ngaphambi kokuba amanzi angcolile akhishwe ukuze angeqi imingcele enqunyiwe, ukuvikela imithombo yamanzi, nokunciphisa umthelela endaweni ezungezile. Sawubona, ngimuhle, wonke umuntu muhle!

Amazinga okukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini amboza ukungcola okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-COD, izinsimbi ezisindayo, i-BOD, okuqinile okumisiwe, njll. Izindinganiso zokukhishwa kwezimboni ezahlukene nazo zihlukile. Amabhizinisi angabhekisa kumazinga ezimboni ezikhipha amanzi angcolisa amanzi akhishwe uMnyango Wezemvelo Nemvelo.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kubonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuvikela imvelo: Ukuchithwa okuqondile kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini ngaphandle kokwelashwa kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile, njengokungcoliswa kwamanzi nokungcoliswa komhlabathi. Ngokuhlola amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, izinga lokungcoliswa kanye nokwakheka kwamanzi angcolile lingagadwa ngempumelelo, kunikeze isisekelo sesayensi sokubusa nokuvimbela.
2. Ukuvikela impilo yomuntu: Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ngokuvamile aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi, njengezinsimbi ezisindayo nokungcola kwemvelo. Lezi zinto ziwusongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu. Ngokuhlola amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, ukuba khona kanye nokugcwala kwalezi zinto eziyingozi kungaqashwa ngempumelelo, kunikeze isisekelo sokwenza izinhlelo zokuphatha, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe impilo yabantu.
3. Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni okusimeme: Ngokukhula kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, izinkampani eziningi seziqalile ukunaka ukubuswa kwemvelo. Ngokuhlola amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, izinkampani zingakwazi ukuqonda ukukhishwa kwazo kwamanzi angcolile, zinikeze ukwesekwa kwesayensi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokukhiqiza nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni esimeme.

Izinto zokuhlola amanzi angcolile ezimbonini nezinkomba
Izinto zokuhlola amanzi angcolile zifaka phakathi isidingo samakhemikhali komoyampilo (COD), isidingo se-oksijini yebhayoloji (BOD), okuqinile okumisiwe (SS), ingqikithi ye-phosphorus (TP), i-ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), isamba se-nitrogen (TN), i-turbidity, i-chlorine esele, pH nezinye izinkomba. Lezi zinkomba zibonisa ukungcoliswa kwezici ezihlukene zamanzi angcolile, njengezinto eziphilayo, ama-microorganisms, imisoco, njll. Ngokuthola nokuhlaziya lezi zinkomba, singaqonda izinga kanye nohlobo lokungcoliswa kwamanzi angcolile, futhi sinikeze isisekelo sesayensi sokuhlanza nokukhipha amanzi angcolile. .

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola amanzi angcolile ezimbonini

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola amanzi angcolile ezimbonini zifaka ukuhlaziya amakhemikhali, ukuhlaziya kwebhayoloji nokuhlaziya ngokomzimba. Izici nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela kwethulwa ngezansi.

1. Indlela yokuhlaziya amakhemikhali

Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhloleni amanzi angcolile ezimbonini. Le ndlela ngokuyinhloko inquma okuqukethwe kwezinto ezihlukahlukene emanzini angcolile ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nokuhlaziywa komthamo. Izindlela zokuhlaziya amakhemikhali zihlanganisa i-titration, i-spectrophotometry, i-chromatography, njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-titration ingenye yezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zokuhlaziya amakhemikhali, ezingasetshenziswa ukunquma ukugxiliswa kwe-ion, i-pH, izinsimbi ezisindayo nezinye izinkomba emanzini angcolile; i-spectrophotometry iyindlela yokunquma ukuhlangana kwento ngokulinganisa izinga lokumunca noma ukusakazeka kokukhanya ngento, futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunquma izinkomba ezifana ne-organic matter ne-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile; I-chromatography iyindlela yokwehlukanisa kanye nokuhlaziya engasetshenziswa ukunquma izinto eziphilayo, izinto ezingaphili, ama-polycyclic ama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi nezinye izinto emanzini angcolile.

2. I-Bioanalysis

I-Bioanalysis ukusetshenziswa kokuzwela kwezinto eziphilayo entweni engcolisayo ukuze kutholwe izinto eziyingozi emanzini angcolile. Le ndlela inezici zokuzwela okuphezulu nokucaciswa okuqinile. I-Bioanalysis ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuqapha kwezinto eziphilayo. Phakathi kwazo, ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuwukuthola ubuthi bezinto ezingcolile emanzini angcolile ngokuhlakulela izinto eziphilayo, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukunquma izinto eziphilayo, izinsimbi ezisindayo nezinye izinto emanzini angcolile; ukuqapha kwebhayoloji kuyindlela yokukhombisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngokuqapha izinkomba zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqapha izinto eziphilayo, izinsimbi ezisindayo nezinye izinto emanzini angcolile.

3. Ukuhlaziya ngokomzimba

Ukuhlaziya umzimba ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kutholwe izinto eziyingozi emanzini angcolile. Le ndlela kulula ukuyisebenzisa, iyashesha futhi inembile. Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuhlaziya ngokomzimba zihlanganisa indlela ethile yamandla adonsela phansi, indlela yokunquma indaba emisiwe kanye nendlela ye-colorimetry. Phakathi kwazo, indlela ethile yamandla adonsela phansi iwukunquma okuqukethwe kwezinto emanzini angcolile ngokulinganisa ukuminyana; indlela yokunquma indaba emisiwe iwukunquma ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokukala okuqukethwe kwento emisiwe emanzini angcolile; i-colorimetry iwukunquma okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo, izinsimbi ezisindayo nezinye izinto ngokulinganisa ukujula kombala wamanzi angcolile.

3. Isifinyezo

Ukutholwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kungenye yezixhumanisi ezibalulekile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo nasekulawuleni, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela imvelo, ukuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni esimeme. Izindlela zokutholwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuhlaziya amakhemikhali, ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuhlaziya ngokomzimba, ngayinye enezici zayo kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa. Ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izindlela zokuthola ezifanele ngokuya ngezimo ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuthola. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwamanzi angcolile emvelweni nempilo yabantu.

Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-spectrophotometry yokuthola ikhwalithi yamanzi?
Njengamanje, i-spectrophotometry ingenye yezindlela zokuthola ezivame ukusetshenziswa emsebenzini wokuthola izinga lamanzi, ikakhulukazi ekunqumeni amasampula amanzi anokuqukethwe okuphansi kakhulu, kunezinzuzo zokusebenza okulula, ukunemba okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-spectrophotometers, ahlukaniswe ama-spectrophotometers abonakalayo, ama-spectrophotometer abonakalayo e-ultraviolet nama-infrared spectrophotometers ngokuya ngebanga lamaza okukhanya asetshenzisiwe. I-Spectrophotometry iyindlela yokuhlaziya evame ukusetshenziswa ekutholeni ikhwalithi yamanzi. Umgomo wayo oyisisekelo ukunquma okuqukethwe kwento eqondiwe esixazululweni ngokulinganisa izinga lokumuncwa kwesixazululo ekukhanyeni kobude obuthile beza. I-Spectrophotometry inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuzwela okuphezulu

I-Spectrophotometry inokuzwela okuphezulu kokutholwa kwezinto eziqondiwe futhi ingenza ukuhlaziya okunembile nokulinganisa ebangeni lokuhlushwa eliphansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho ukukhanya kudlula esixazululweni, amandla okukhanya amuncwa into eqondiwe alingana nokugxiliswa kwento eqondiwe, ngakho ukugxiliswa okuphansi kwento eqondiwe kungalinganiswa ngokunemba okuphezulu.

2. Ububanzi bomugqa obanzi

I-Spectrophotometry inobubanzi bomugqa obanzi futhi ingenza izilinganiso ezinembile ebangeni elikhulu lokugxilisa ingqondo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-spectrophotometry ingasetshenziswa kukho kokubili ukuhlaziya isampula yokugxila okuphansi kanye nokugxila okuphezulu, ngokusebenza okuhle nokuvumelana nezimo.

3. Kuyashesha futhi kusebenza kahle

Imiphumela yokuhlaziya ingatholakala ngesikhathi esifushane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuhlaziya, i-spectrophotometry inenqubo yokusebenza elula kanye nesivinini sokuhlaziya ngokushesha, esifanele izimo lapho imiphumela idinga ukutholwa ngokushesha.

4. Ukukhetha okuphezulu

I-Spectrophotometry ingafinyelela ukutholwa okukhethiwe kwezinto eziqondiwe ngokukhetha ubude bamaza obufanele. Izinto ezihlukene zinezici ezihlukene zokumunca kumaza wamaza ahlukene. Ngokukhetha amaza afanele, ukuphazamiseka kwezinto eziphazamisayo kungagwenywa futhi ukukhetha kokulinganisa kungathuthukiswa.

5. Ukuphatheka nokusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela

I-Spectrophotometry ingathola ukutholwa ngokushesha esizeni ngesitholi esiphathwayo sekhwalithi yamanzi esinamapharamitha amaningi, esinokuphatheka okuhle nokusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kwenza i-spectrophotometry isetshenziswe kabanzi ezimeni lapho imiphumela idinga ukutholwa ngokushesha, njengokuqapha kwendawo ezungezile kanye nophenyo lokungcoliswa kwamanzi.

I-Lianhua Technology ingumkhiqizi waseShayina oneminyaka engu-42 yokuhlangenwe nakho ekukhiqizeni amathuluzi okuhlola izinga lamanzi. Ngo-1982, yathuthukisa indlela ye-COD yokugaya ngokushesha kwe-spectrophotometry, ekwazi ukubona inani elinembile le-COD emanzini angcolile kungakapheli imizuzu engama-20, ngenani elincane lama-reagents, ukusebenza okulula nokulula, futhi idume kakhulu kuma-laboratories. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa, i-Lianhua Technology manje ingahlinzeka ngamathuluzi e-ammonia nitrogen, amathuluzi e-phosphorus aphelele, amathuluzi e-nitrogen aphelele, amathuluzi we-nitrate/nitrite, amamitha aqinile amisiwe, amamitha e-turbidity, amamitha e-chlorine asele, amamitha ensimbi esindayo, njll., njengama-reagents ahlukahlukene asekelayo kanye nezesekeli. I-Lianhua Technology inohlu lomkhiqizo ocebile wamathuluzi okuhlola izinga lamanzi, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo omuhle, kanye nenkonzo efika ngesikhathi yangemva kokuthengisa. Siyakwamukela ukubonisana!