Inkinga yamanzi yaseYancheng kulandela ukuqubuka kwe-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-Taihu Lake isiphinde yahlaba umkhosi ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Njengamanje, imbangela yokungcola isihlonziwe ekuqaleni. Izitshalo ezincane zamakhemikhali zihlakazekile eduze nemithombo yamanzi lapho izakhamuzi ezingu-300,000 zithembele khona. Amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali akhiqizwe yiwo ayingcolise kakhulu imithombo yamanzi okuphuza. Uma kuphuthuma ukuxazulula le nkinga enkulu yokungcoliswa kwamanzi embonini yamakhemikhali, izintatheli zisanda kuthola ukuthi izinkampani ezihlanza amanzi ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile ngamakhemikhali kanye nokuhlanzwa kwemithombo yamanzi ehlukahlukene zibhekene nentuthuko yokuthengisa. Ngokophenyo lwentatheli, kunesigcawu esimatasa emnyango we-Henan Huaquan Tap Water Materials General Factory. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngenxa yama-oda aqhubekayo, okwamanje i-Fuyuan Water Purification Materials yeDolobha laseGongyi, Ltd., i-Songxin Filter Material Industry Co., Ltd., izinkampani ze-Hongfa Net Water treatment ezifana ne-Water Materials Co., Ltd. kanye ne-Xinhuayu Water Ifekthri Yomenzeli Wokuhlanza ekhiqiza ama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi, ikhabhoni ecushiwe, nama-flocculants okwenza amaphepha asebenza ngokugcwele. Vumela umhleli akuyise kumenzeli wokwelapha amanzi futhi ufunde ngalenkemba ekhanyayo yokwelapha ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngamakhemikhali.
Ama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi abhekisela kumakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali, i-petroleum, imboni ekhanyayo, amakhemikhali ansuku zonke, izindwangu, ukuphrinta nokudaya, ukwakhiwa, i-metallurgy, imishini, imithi kanye nempilo, ezokuthutha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo yasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nezinye izimboni ukuze kuzuzwe ukongiwa kwamanzi. kanye nenjongo yokuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi.
Ama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi ahlanganisa ama-ejenti adingekayo ekuhlanzeni amanzi okupholisa kanye ne-boiler, ukukhishwa kwamanzi olwandle, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane, ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji, ukushintshwa kwe-flocculation kanye ne-ion kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Okufana nama-corrosion inhibitors, ama-scale inhibitors nama-dispersants, ama-bactericidal and algaecidal agents, ama-flocculants, ama-ion exchange resins, izihlanzi, ama-ejenti okuhlanza, ama-pre-film agent, njll.
Ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi yilezi:
Ukubuyisela emuva i-osmosis amanzi ahlanzekile ukulungiswa kokwelashwa kwamanzi: Ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa okuhlanganisiwe okunomphumela omuhle wokwelapha we-synergistic, kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukwakheka kwesikali kanye ne-microbial slime, kuthuthukise izinga lokukhishwa kukasawoti kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamanzi kohlelo, futhi kunwebise impilo yesevisi ye-RO. ulwelwesi.
I-anti-scaling ekhethekile, i-ejenti yokuhlanza ekhethekile
Ukuhlanza amanzi okupholisa okujikelezayo: qinisekisa ukuthi imibhoshongo yamanzi okupholisa, ama-chiller nezinye izinto zokusebenza zisesimweni esikahle sokusebenza, lawula ngempumelelo amagciwane amancane, avimbele ukukhiqizwa kwesikali, futhi avimbele ukugqwala kwempahla yamapayipi. Ukufeza inhloso yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokwelula impilo yesevisi yemishini. Yenza uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi lwale phrojekthi, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo ochwepheshe ahlanganisiwe okuhlanza amanzi kanye nohlelo oluphelele lwenkonzo yobuchwepheshe.
I-algaecide ye-bactericidal
Ukulungiswa kokwelashwa kwamanzi okubhayela kusebenzisa ukulungiswa okuhlanganisiwe okunomphumela omuhle wokwelapha we-synergistic ukuvimbela ukugqwala nokwenyuka kwe-boiler, kusimamise ikhwalithi yamanzi e-boiler, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-boiler, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-boiler body, nokwelula impilo yayo yesevisi. .
Ukulungiswa kokwelashwa kwamanzi ku-boiler okuhlanganisiwe
I-ejenti yokuhlanza ingakwazi
Isilungisi se-alkalinity
Igumbi lokufutha elizungeza ukulungiswa kokwelashwa kwamanzi: I-ejenti iyilungiselelo elihlanganisiwe elinekhono lokuhlakazeka okubanzi. Izinsalela zikapende eziwuphathayo zinezindawo ezinhle zokuqeda amanzi emzimbeni. Izinsalela zikapende ezilashiwe ziyinqwaba enganamatheli, elungele ukuhlengwa nokunye ukucutshungulwa esigabeni esilandelayo. Imvelo yezemithi ine-interface enobungane kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile kokucubungula. Ingavimbela ngempumelelo inkinga ebangelwa upende onamathela emishinini yamapayipi, kuyilapho inciphisaOkuqukethwe kwe-CODemanzini, ukususa iphunga, ukuthuthukisa imvelo, nokwelula impilo yesevisi yamanzi ajikelezayo.
I-dispersant ye-resin kapende yomshini (i-coagulant yenkungu kapende)
i-ejenti yokumisa
Amalungiselelo okuhlanza amanzi angcolile: Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunengqondo bokuhlanza amanzi, kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa kwamanzi ajulile, amanzi ahlanzekile angahlangabezana nezindinganiso zamanzi ezibuyiselwe kabusha ze-GB5084-1992, CECS61-94, njll., futhi angagaywa kabusha isikhathi eside, onge amanzi amaningi. izinsiza.
Isikhiphi esikhethekile seCOD esinobungani nemvelo
i-ejenti yokubamba insimbi enzima
Ama-agent okuhlanza amanzi kanye nokongiwa kwamanzi
Ukonga amanzi, kufanele siqale sibambe amanzi ezimbonini asetshenziswa kakhulu. Phakathi kwamanzi ezimbonini, amanzi okupholisa enza ingxenye enkulu kakhulu, ebalelwa ku-60% kuya ku-70%. Ngakho-ke, ukonga amanzi okupholisa sekuwumsebenzi ophuthumayo kakhulu wokongiwa kwamanzi ezimbonini.
Ngemva kokuba amanzi okupholisa esegaywe kabusha, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kugcinwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuhwamuka okuqhubekayo kwamanzi okupholisa, usawoti emanzini agxilile, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanzi okupholisa nomkhathi kukhulisa kakhulu okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe nama-bacterium, okuholela ekukhuleni okukhulu, ukugqwala kanye ne-bacterial and algae. ukukhula emanzini okupholisa ajikelezayo, okwenza ukushisa Izinga lokushintshanisa liyancipha kakhulu futhi ukugcinwa njalo, kusongela ukukhiqizwa okuvamile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-scale inhibitors, ama-corrosion inhibitors, ama-algaecides abulala amagciwane kanye nezinto eziwasekelayo zokuhlanza, ama-pre-filming agents, ama-dispersants, ama-defoaming agents, ama-flocculants, njll. kufanele kwengezwe emanzini apholisayo. Leli sethi lobuchwepheshe elengeza amakhemikhali ukuvimbela ukukala, ukugqwala, nokukhula kwebhaktheriya nolwelwe emanzini ajikelezayo libizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha amanzi ngamakhemikhali. Kubandakanya ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuhlanza, ukucosha, ukuthwebula izithombe, ukudosa okuvamile, ukuvala inzalo nezinye izinqubo. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-coagulants kanye nama-flocculants ekwelapheni okuyisisekelo kokuthuthwa kwendle nakho kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvuselela indle. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi ngamakhemikhali okwamanje buyaqashelwa ekhaya naphesheya njengezindlela ezivame kakhulu nezisebenzayo zokongiwa kwamanzi ezimbonini.
i-ejenti yokwelapha amanzi amakhemikhali
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuwubuchwepheshe bokwelapha obusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuze kuqedwe futhi kuvinjwe ukukhula, ukugqwala, ukukhula kwamagciwane nolwelwe, kanye nokuhlanza amanzi. Isebenzisa ama-coagulant ukususa ukungcola kwemishini emanzini aluhlaza, isebenzisa ama-scale inhibitors ukuvimbela ukukala, isebenzisa ama-corrosion inhibitors ukuvimbela ukugqwala, isebenzisa ama-bactericides ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi, futhi isebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza ukususa izinsalela zokugqwala, isikali esidala, amabala kawoyela, njll.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-ejenti okwelapha amanzi asetshenziswa ngamanani amakhulu: ama-flocculants; ama-bactericidal kanye nama-algaecidal agents; kanye nama-scale and corrosion inhibitors. I-Flocculant ibizwa nangokuthi i-coagulant. Umsebenzi wawo ukucacisa izinto ezimisiwe emanzini kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola kwamanzi. Imvamisa, i-inorganic salt flocculant isetshenziselwa ukwengeza inani elincane le-organic polymer flocculant, elichithwa emanzini futhi lixutshwe ngokulinganayo namanzi ahlanzekile ukuze limiswe. Izinto eziningi zehla. Ama-bactericidal and algaecidal agents, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-biocides, asetshenziselwa ukulawula noma ukususa amagciwane kanye nolwelwe emanzini. I-Scale and corrosion inhibitors isetshenziswa kakhulu ekujikelezeni kwamanzi apholisayo ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokuhlushwa kwamanzi, ukunciphisa ukuchithwa kwendle ukuze kuzuzwe ukongiwa kwamanzi, futhi kunciphise ukukalwa nokugqwala kwezishintshisi zokushisa namapayipi.
Ake sigxile kwezimbalwa zalezi zindlela zokuhlanza amanzi.
1. I-Flocculant
1. I-flocculant ephuma isitashi
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-starch flocculants nayo isetshenziswe kabanzi ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile. U-Li Xuxiang kanye nabanye basebenzisa i-ammonium persulfate njengomqalisi wokuxhunyelelwa kanye ne-copolymerize amanzi e-chestnut powder kanye ne-acrylonitrile. Isitashi esilungisiwe esilungisiwe sahlanganiswa ne-coagulant eyisisekelo ye-aluminium chloride ukwelapha ukuphrinta nokudaywa kwamanzi angcolile, futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-turbidity lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-70%. U-Zhao Yansheng et al., ngokusekelwe ekuhlanganiseni kwezinyathelo ezimbili ze-cationic isitashi flocculant nge-copolymerization yesitashi ne-acrylamide, wenze isinyathelo esisodwa sokuhlanganiswa kanye nocwaningo lokusebenza lwe-starch-acrylamide graft copolymer modified cationic flocculant CSGM. Kutholwe imiphumela emihle yokunyathelisa nokudaywa kwamanzi angcolile ezigayweni zoboya. U-Chen Yucheng et al. wasebenzisa okusalile kusukela ekukhiqizeni impushana ye-konjac, wasebenzisa i-urea njenge-catalyst, futhi wenza i-flocculant No. Lapho umthamo wawungu-120 mg/L, izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lalingu-68.8%, futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-chroma lifinyelela ku-92%. Yang Tongzai et al. ihlanganise i-cationic modified polymer flocculant isebenzisa isitashi njengempahla eluhlaza, futhi yayisebenzisa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile alula embonini njengokuphrinta nokudaya. Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonise ukuthi izinga lokususwa kwezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, i-COD, ne-chroma laliphezulu futhi udaka lwakhiqizwa. Inani lincane, futhi izinga lamanzi angcolile ahlanziwe lithuthukiswa kakhulu.
2. Okuphuma kokuphuma ku-Lignin
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970s, amazwe angaphandle afunde ukuhlanganiswa kwama-quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants esebenzisa i-lignin njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi awasebenzisa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile okudayi futhi athola imiphumela emihle yokugeleza. U-Zhu Jianhua kanye nabanye ezweni lakithi basebenzisa i-lignin ekwenzeni uketshezi olubi lokupheka ukuze bahlanganise ama-cationic surfactants ukwelapha ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ama-lignin cationic surfactants anezakhiwo ezinhle zokugeleza futhi izinga lokubola lidlula ama-90%. UZhang Zhilan et al. ikhiphe i-lignin ku-straw pulp otshwala olumnyama njenge-flocculant, futhi yaqhathanisa imiphumela ne-aluminium chloride ne-polyacrylamide, eqinisekisa ukuphakama kwe-lignin ekwelapheni ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile. U-Lei Zhongfang et al. wafunda ukukhishwa kwe-lignin ku-alkali straw pulp ophuzweni olumnyama ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic njenge-flocculant yokwelapha ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile, futhi wazuza imiphumela emihle. Ngalesi sisekelo, uLei Zhongfang et al. futhi wafunda umphumela we-flocculation we-lignin. Umshini ufakazela ukuthi i-lignin flocculant iyi-ejenti yokwelapha amanzi enemiphumela ekhethekile ku-turbidity ephezulu kanye noketshezi lwemfucuza ene-asidi.
3. Amanye ama-polymer flocculants emvelo
UMiya Shiguo nabanye basebenzisa izinsiza zemvelo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko, futhi ngemva kokucubungula ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, benza i-amphoteric composite coagulation decolorizing agent ASD-Ⅱ entsha ukuze bahambise amanzi angcolile okudayayo okunciphisa, ukuvuvuka, i-naftol, odayi be-cationic nabasebenzayo ekunyatheliseni. kanye nezitshalo zokudaya. Esivivinyweni se-decolorization, isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokususwa kombala sibe sikhulu kuno-80%, nenani eliphakeme elingaphezu kuka-98%, futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-COD laliyisilinganiso esingaphezu kuka-60%, nobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-80%. UZhang Qiuhua et al. wasebenzisa i-carboxymethyl chitosan flocculant ethuthukisiwe ukwelapha ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile avela embonini yethawula. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonise ukuthi i-carboxymethyl chitosan flocculant yayiphakeme kunezinye ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukususwa kombala wamanzi angcolile ekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nemiphumela yokususa i-COD. Ama-flocculants e-molecular.
2. I-bactericidal kanye ne-algaecide
Ingakwazi ukumba ngokuphumelelayo ukukhiqizwa kwe-algae kanye nokukhula kwe-slime. Inamandla amahle okubulala inzalo kanye namandla okubulala ulwelwe ezinhlotsheni zenani le-pH ezihlukene, futhi inemiphumela yokuhlakazeka kanye nokungena. Ingakwazi ukungena futhi isuse i-slime futhi isuse ulwelwe olunamathiselwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamakhono okususa uwoyela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekujikelezeni kwezinhlelo zamanzi okupholisa, amasistimu wokujova amanzi asensimini kawoyela, kanye nezinhlelo zamanzi abandayo. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-non-oxidative sterilizing kanye ne-algaecide ejenti kanye ne-slime stripper. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa yokudaya i-acrylic fiber kanye nokushelela ngaphambi kokucubungula izindwangu. kanye nokwelashwa kwe-antistatic.
3. Ama-Scale and corrosion inhibitors
IHydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid HEDP
isici:
I-HEDP iyisikali se-organic phosphoric acid kanye ne-corrosion inhibitor engakha izakhiwo ezizinzile ezinama-ion ensimbi ahlukahlukene njengensimbi, ithusi, ne-zinc, futhi ingancibilikisa ama-oxide ezindaweni zensimbi. I-HEDP isengadlala indima enhle ekugqwaleni nasekuvimbeleni isikali ku-250°C, isazinzile kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanani e-pH aphezulu, akulula ukuyikhipha emanzini, futhi akulula ukubola ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokukhanya nokushisa. Ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali yayo kanye nokumelana ne-chlorine oxidation kungcono kunamanye ama-organic phosphates (usawoti). I-HEDP ingenza i-chelate enezindandatho eziyisithupha ezinama-ion ensimbi emanzini, ikakhulukazi ama-calcium ions. Ngakho-ke, i-HEDP inomphumela omuhle wokuvimbela isikali kanye nomphumela osobala womkhawulo wokuncibilika. Uma isetshenziswa ihlanganiswe namanye ama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi, ibonisa i-Synergy ekahle. I-HEDP solid iwumkhiqizo ohlanzekile ofanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinobusika obubanda kakhulu; ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuhlanza ama-agent kanye nezithasiselo zamakhemikhali zansuku zonke embonini ye-electronics.
Ububanzi besicelo se-HEDP nokusetshenziswa
I-HEDP isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi okupholisa ajikelezayo ezimbonini ezifana namandla kagesi, imboni yamakhemikhali, i-metallurgy, kanye nomanyolo, kanye namaboilers anomfutho ophakathi nendawo nophansi, umjovo wamanzi wasensimini kawoyela, namapayipi kawoyela esikalini nokugqwala. I-HEDP ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza izinsimbi nezingezona izinsimbi embonini yendwangu elula. , i-peroxide stabilizer kanye ne-ejenti yokulungisa imibala embonini yokuxubha nokudaya, kanye ne-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi embonini ye-electroplating engena-cyanide. I-HEDP ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-polycarboxylic acid-type scale inhibitor kanye ne-dispersant.
Imakethe ye-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi iyakhula ngo-2009
Namuhla, ukwelashwa kwendle kuthola ukunakwa okwandayo okuvela emabhizinisini asekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi angaphansi komfula aqale ukusebenza ngemva kokuqala kwentwasahlobo, futhi isidingo sama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi siyakhula usuku nosuku. Isimo sonke samabhizinisi ekhabhoni ecushiwe ekuqaleni konyaka singcono kunonyaka odlule. Intatheli ithole ukuthi umkhiqizo wonyaka wemikhiqizo ye-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi eDolobheni laseGongyi, eSifundazweni saseHenan uthatha u-1/3 wengqikithi yezwe, futhi kukhona amafekthri angama-70 noma angu-80 abenzela ukuhlanza amanzi.
Izwe lethu likubheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuvikelweni kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokuhlanza indle, futhi liye laqhubeka nokwenyusa ukusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo. Ngisho nalapho inkinga yezimali emhlabeni wonke iba nomthelela omubi embonini yamakhemikhali, izwe alizange liyeke ukubusa kwezemvelo futhi lavala ngokuqinile izinkampani zamakhemikhali ezikhipha umoya oyingozi kakhulu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ikhuthaze ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokusungulwa kwamaphrojekthi amakhemikhali angangcolisi futhi akhipha umoya omncane. . Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezisebenzela ukuhlanza amanzi zizoletha amathuba amasha okuthuthukisa ngo-2009.
Ngonyaka odlule, ngenxa yokwehliswa kwama-oda ezinkampanini ezihlanza amanzi, izinga lokusebenza lilonke lalibalelwa ku-50% kuphela unyaka wonke. Ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ngemva kokugqashuka kwenkinga yezimali, izinga lokusebenza laliphansi nakakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma sibheka isimo samanje sokukhiqiza, izinkampani eziningi kancane kancane ziqala kabusha ukukhiqiza futhi kancane kancane ziphuma ethunzini lenkinga yezezimali.
Njengamanje, amanani okusebenza abakhiqizi abaningana be-flocculant yokwenza iphepha e-Guangdong ayakhula. Muva nje, imiyalo esiyinikezwe izinkampani zokuvikela imvelo nayo ibilokhu ikhula. Amazinga okusebenza ezinkampani anyukile. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, ukunyathelisa nokudaya komfula ongezansi komfula, ukuphrinta nokudaya, izinkampani ezikhiqiza amaphepha seziqalile ukusebenza ngokulandelana kwazo. Ngenxa yokuthi amabhizinisi anjalo azokhiqiza inani elikhulu lamanzi angcolile ngemva kokusebenza, isidingo sama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi njenge-papermaking flocculants sizokhula, okuzoholela ekwandeni kwama-oda ama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi; okwesibili, izimboni ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali eziyisisekelo ezibangelwa inkinga yezezimali Intengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa yehle kakhulu, kuyilapho ukwehla kwemikhiqizo yabathengi yokugcina efana ne-papermaking, odayi, izingubo zokugqoka, njll akuzange kube okuphawulekayo, okuye kwanciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza amanzi izinkampani zama-ejenti okwelapha futhi zandisa imingcele yazo yenzuzo; okwesithathu, kusukela ngonyaka odlule, izidingo zezwe zokuvikela imvelo seziqine kakhulu. Ngokuqinile, zonke izinkampani zamakhemikhali, zokunyathelisa nezokudaya, nezokwenza amaphepha ziye zandisa imizamo yazo ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokukhucululwa kwendle. Amabhizinisi amaningi asesigabeni sokwakhiwa kwezikhungo futhi awakaze abe nesidingo sangempela sama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi. Nokho, ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi kwaqedwa. Ukuhlangabezana namazinga kuye kwadala isidingo sama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokugqashuka kwenkinga yezimali ngoSepthemba ngonyaka odlule, ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuphathweni kokuvikelwa kwemvelo nakho kwangena esikhathini esingabizi kakhulu. Ngokuqhutshwa yilezi zinzuzo ezimbili, kulo nyaka kuzokwakha inkathi yesidingo esikhulu sama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi; okwesine, kusekelwe esimweni esihle samanje sokutshala izimali. Ukuze kunqotshwe inkinga yezezimali, umbuso uye wethula ngokuqhubekayo izinqubomgomo zokusekela ezikhethwayo, ikakhulukazi ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile. Ngakho-ke, amaphuzu amasha okukhula ezinkampanini ezihlanza amanzi azokwakhiwa kancane kancane.
Umthengisi oseneminyaka eminingi ethengisa i-polyaluminium chloride ubike ukuthi ukwanda kwamanje kwesidingo semakethe, ukuncipha kwezindleko zokukhiqiza, nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo okukhethekile kuyinhle enkampanini, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, bazizwa benengcindezi engakaze ibonwe. Ngoba uma izinkampani ezansi nomfula zenza ama-oda manje, izidingo zazo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa ziphezulu kunangaphambili. Lokhu kuphoqa izinkampani ezifanele ukuthi zingasebenzisi nje kuphela amathuba entuthuko, kodwa futhi zibuyekeze imiqondo ngesikhathi futhi zandise uguquko kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi kwandiswe utshalomali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo emisha ye-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi ukuze kwakhiwe isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa okunempilo nesikhathi eside kwayo yonke imboni ye-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi kuvame ukuba luhlaza
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, izinguquko ezinkulu zenguquko zenzeke ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha wamakhemikhali womhlaba kanye neziyalo zobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, okwaphawulwa ukwethulwa komqondo we-“green chemistry”. Njenge-ejenti yokwelapha amanzi yamakhemikhali akhethekile, isu layo lokuthuthukiswa lihlobene eduze nekhemikhali eluhlaza.
Ukuphishekela ukwenziwa luhlaza kwama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi kuqala esu lentuthuko esimeme ukuze kufezwe ukwenziwa luhlaza kwemikhiqizo ye-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi, ukwenziwa luhlaza kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nama-reagents okuguqula asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi, ukwenziwa luhlaza kwezindlela zokusabela zokukhiqiza amanzi, kanye ukuhlaza kokusabela kokukhiqizwa kwe-ejenti yokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ukutshala kwezimo zemvelo sekuphenduke umngcele wesifundo kanye nesiqondiso esibalulekile socwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi yemvelo.
Inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu okwamanje ukutshalwa kwemikhiqizo ye-ejenti yokwelapha amanzi ye-molecule ehlosiwe, ngoba ngaphandle kwe-molecule eqondiwe, inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ibingeke ikwazi. Kusukela kumqondo we-green chemistry, ngokusho komkhuba womlobi kanye nesipiliyoni, ukuhlaza kwama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi kungaqala kulezi zici ezilandelayo. Ukuklama ama-agent okuhlanza amanzi aphephile Umqondo wekhemistri eluhlaza ubumba kabusha isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi namakhemikhali okuhlanza amanzi. I-Biodegradability, okungukuthi, izinto zingaboliswa ama-microorganisms zibe amafomu alula, amukelekayo emvelweni, kuyindlela ebalulekile yokukhawulela ukunqwabelana kwezinto zamakhemikhali endaweni ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama ama-ejenti amasha okuhlanza amanzi alungele imvelo futhi aphephe kakhudlwana kubantu, ukuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo kufanele kube into ecatshangelwayo.
Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganisa esikwenzile kubonisa ukuthi i-linear polyaspartic acid enesisindo esilinganiselwe samangqamuzana inokuhlakazeka okuhle kakhulu, i-corrosion inhibition, i-chelation neminye imisebenzi, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-scale inhibitor, i-corrosion inhibitor kanye ne-dispersant. Ukuhlolwa kabusha kwemikhiqizo ekhona ye-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi Kusukela izwe lami laqala ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokuhlanza amanzi kanye nama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, kuye kwazuzwa imiphumela eminingi ebalulekile. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi "soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyisishiyagalombili Lweminyaka Emihlanu" kanye "noHlelo Lweminyaka Eyisishagalolunye Lweminyaka Emihlanu", umbuso unikeze ukweseka okubalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwama-ejenti okuhlanza amanzi, okukhuthaze kakhulu inqubekelaphambili yesayensi yokuhlanza amanzi nobuchwepheshe futhi kwakha uchungechunge. yobuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo enamalungelo azimele empahla yobuhlakani.
Njengamanje, amakhemikhali ethu okwelapha amanzi ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa ama-corrosion inhibitors, ama-scale inhibitors, ama-biocides nama-flocculants. Phakathi kwazo, ama-corrosion inhibitors nama-scale inhibitors aseduze nezinga elithuthukile lamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo. Njengamanje, amafomula ezinzinzisi zekhwalithi yamanzi asetshenziswa emanzini okupholisa ajikelezayo ezimbonini ikakhulukazi asuselwa ku-phosphorus, ebalwa cishe ngama-52 ~ 58%, amafomula asuselwa ku-molybdenum enza ama-20%, amafomula asuselwa ku-silicon angama-5% -8%, futhi amafomula asekelwe ku-tungsten ahlanganisa u-5% %, amanye amafomula angu-5% ~ 10%. Umqondo wamakhemikhali aluhlaza uhlola kabusha indima nokusebenza kwamakhemikhali akhona okwelapha amanzi. Ngemikhiqizo emisebenzi yayo isivele yaziwa kahle, ukubola kwe-biodegradability kuyinkomba yokuhlola ebaluleke kakhulu.
Yize i-phosphorus-based corrosion and scale inhibitors, i-polyacrylic acid namanye ama-polymers kanye nama-copolymer scale inhibitors asesetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe enze impumelelo kubuchwepheshe bokupholisa amanzi, abambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuxazululeni inkinga yokuncipha kwemithombo yamanzi ebhekene nayo. ngesintu. idlala indima ebalulekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-01-2024
