Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-COD ne-BOD

Ukukhuluma nge-COD ne-BOD
Ngokwemibandela yobungcweti
I-COD imele i-Chemical Oxygen Demand. I-Chemical Oxygen Demand iyinkomba ebalulekile yokungcoliswa kwekhwalithi yamanzi, esetshenziselwa ukukhombisa inani lezinto ezinciphisayo (ikakhulukazi izinto eziphilayo) emanzini. Isilinganiso se-COD sibalwa ngokusebenzisa ama-oxidant aqinile (afana ne-potassium dichromate noma i-potassium permanganate) ukwelapha amasampula amanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi inani lama-oxidants asetshenzisiwe lingabonisa cishe izinga lokungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Lapho inani le-COD likhulu, yilapho umzimba wamanzi ungcoliswa izinto eziphilayo.
Izindlela zokulinganisa zesidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali ikakhulukazi zifaka indlela ye-dichromate, indlela ye-potassium permanganate kanye nendlela entsha yokumunca i-ultraviolet. Phakathi kwazo, indlela ye-potassium dichromate inemiphumela yokulinganisa ephezulu futhi ifanele izikhathi ezinezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, njengokuqapha kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini; kuyilapho indlela ye-potassium permanganate ilula ukusebenza, iyonga futhi iyasebenza, futhi ifanele amanzi angaphezulu, imithombo yamanzi namanzi okuphuza. Ukuqapha amanzi.
Izizathu zesidingo se-oksijini yamakhemikhali ngokweqile ngokuvamile zihlobene nokuphuma kwezimboni, indle yasemadolobheni kanye nemisebenzi yezolimo. Izinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto ezinciphisayo ezivela kule mithombo zingena emanzini, okwenza amanani e-COD eqe izinga. Ukuze kulawulwe i-COD eyeqile, izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zidinga ukuthathwa ukuze kuncishiswe intuthu ephuma kule mithombo yokungcola futhi kuqiniswe nokulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
Ukufingqa, isidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali siyinkomba ebalulekile ebonisa izinga lokungcoliswa kwemvelo kwemizimba yamanzi. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene zokulinganisa, singaqonda ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi bese sithatha izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokwelashwa.
I-BOD imele i-Biochemical Oxygen Demand. I-biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) inkomba ebanzi ekhombisa okuqukethwe kwezinto ezidinga umoya-mpilo njengezinhlanganisela eziphilayo emanzini. Lapho izinto eziphilayo eziqukethwe emanzini zihlangana nomoya, ziboliswa ama-microorganisms e-aerobic bese ziba yizinto ezingaphili noma ze-gasified. Isilinganiso sesidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ngokuvamile sisekelwe ekwehlisweni komoyampilo emanzini ngemva kokusabela ezingeni elithile lokushisa (20°C) ngenani elithile lezinsuku (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-5).
Izizathu zesidingo esikhulu somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo zingase zihlanganise amazinga aphezulu ezinto eziphilayo emanzini, aboliswa ama-microorganisms futhi adle inani elikhulu le-oxygen. Isibonelo, amanzi ezimboni, ezolimo, emanzini, njll. adinga ukuthi isidingo se-oksijini ye-biochemical kufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-5mg/L, kuyilapho amanzi okuphuza kufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-1mg/L.
Izindlela zokunquma isidingo se-oxygen ye-biochemical zihlanganisa izindlela zokuhlanjululwa kanye nezindlela zokujova, lapho ukuncipha kwe-oksijini encibilikisiwe ngemva kokuba isampula yamanzi ahlanjululwe ifakwe ku-incubator yokushisa engashintshi engu-20 ° C izinsuku ezingu-5 isetshenziselwa ukubala i-BOD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sesidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo nesidingo samakhemikhali womoya-mpilo📖 (COD) singakhombisa ukuthi zingaki izinto ezingcolisa imvelo emanzini okunzima ukuthi amagciwane abola. Lokhu kungcola okunzima ukubola kubangela umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile.
Umthwalo wesidingo komoyampilo we-biochemical (umthwalo we-BOD) nawo usetshenziselwa ukukhombisa inani lezinto eziphilayo ezicutshungulwa ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu yezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile (njengezihlungi zebhayoloji, amathangi okungenisa umoya, njll.). Isetshenziselwa ukunquma umthamo wezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kanye nokusebenza nokuphathwa kwezikhungo. izici ezibalulekile.
I-COD ne-BOD zinesici esivamile, okungukuthi, zingasetshenziswa njengenkomba ebanzi ukukhombisa okuqukethwe kokungcola kwemvelo emanzini. Izimo zabo zengqondo mayelana ne-oxidation yezinto eziphilayo zihluke ngokuphelele.
I-COD: Isitayela esinesibindi futhi esingavinjelwe, ngokuvamile sisebenzisa i-potassium permanganate noma i-potassium dichromate njenge-oxidant, ehambisana nokugayeka kokudla okunokushisa okuphezulu. Inaka indlela esheshayo, enembile nengenasihawu, futhi i-oxidize yonke into ephilayo ngesikhathi esifushane nge-spectrophotometry, i-dichromate Inani le-oxygen elisetshenzisiwe libalwa ngezindlela zokuthola ezifana nendlela, ezirekhodwa njenge-CODcr ne-CODmn ngokusho okuhlukile. ama-oxidants. Ngokuvamile, i-potassium dichromate ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukala indle. Inani le-COD okuvame ukukhulunywa ngalo liyinani le-CODcr, kanti i-potassium permanganate iyinani Elikalwa ngamanzi okuphuza namanzi angaphezulu libizwa ngokuthi inkomba ye-permanganate, ephinde ibe yinani le-CODmn. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-oxidant esetshenziselwa ukukala i-COD, ukuphakama kwevelu ye-COD, kubi nakakhulu ukungcoliswa kwamanzi emzimbeni.
BOD: Uhlobo olumnene. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ama-microorganisms kuthenjelwe kuwo ekuboliseni i-biodegradable organic matter emanzini ukuze kubalwe inani le-oxygen encibilikile elisetshenziswe ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Naka inqubo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo. Isibonelo, uma isikhathi se-biological oxidation siyizinsuku ezi-5, kubhalwa njengezinsuku ezinhlanu zokusabela kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical. Ukufunwa komoyampilo (BOD5), ngokuhambisana ne-BOD10, BOD30, BOD kukhombisa inani lezinto eziphilayo ezingabolikala emanzini. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-oxidation enobudlova ye-COD, kunzima ngezilwanyana ezincane ukuba zifake i-organic matter, ngakho-ke inani le-BOD lingathathwa njengendle.
, enokubaluleka kwereferensi ebalulekile yokuhlanza indle, ukuzihlanza komfula, njll.

I-COD ne-BOD zombili ziyizinkomba zokugcwala kokungcola kwemvelo emanzini. Ngokwesilinganiso se-BOD5/COD, inkomba ye-biodegradability yendle ingatholakala:
Ifomula ithi: BOD5/COD=(1-α)×(K/V)
Uma i-B/C~0.58, ingabola ngokuphelele
B/C=0.45-0.58 i-biodegradability enhle
B/C=0.30-0.45 I-Biodegradable
0.1B/C＜0.1 Ayiboli
I-BOD5/COD=0.3 ivamise ukumiswa njengomkhawulo ophansi wokukhucululwa kwendle okubolayo.
I-Lianhua ingakwazi ukuhlaziya ngokushesha imiphumela ye-COD emanzini phakathi nemizuzu engu-20, futhi ingahlinzeka ngama-reagents ahlukahlukene, njengama-powder reagents, ama-reagents e-liquid kanye nama-reagents enziwe ngaphambilini. Ukusebenza kuphephile futhi kulula, imiphumela iyashesha futhi inembile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent kuncane, futhi ukungcola kuncane.
I-Lianhua ingase futhi inikeze amathuluzi okuhlonza ama-BOD ahlukahlukene, njengamathuluzi asebenzisa indlela ye-biofilm ukukala ngokushesha i-BOD emizuzwini engu-8, kanye ne-BOD5, BOD7 ne-BOD30 ezisebenzisa indlela yokucindezela okuhlukile kwe-mercury-free, ezifanele izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuthola.