Yiziphi izindlela zokuqapha imvelo yendle?

Yiziphi izindlela zokuqapha imvelo yendle?
Indlela yokubona ngokomzimba: esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthola izici ezibonakalayo zendle, njengezinga lokushisa, i-turbidity, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, ukuqhutshwa kwe-conductivity, njll. Izindlela zokuhlola ngokomzimba ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa indlela ethile ye-gravity, indlela ye-titration kanye nendlela ye-photometric.
Indlela yokuthola amakhemikhali: esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola ukungcola kwamakhemikhali kundle, njengenani le-PH, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, isidingo sekhemikhali komoyampilo, isidingo se-biochemical oxygen, i-ammonia nitrogen, ingqikithi ye-phosphorus, izinsimbi ezisindayo, njll. Izindlela zokuthola amakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa i-titration, i-spectrophotometry, i-athomu ukumuncwa spectrometry, ion chromatography nokunye.
Indlela yokutholwa kwezinto eziphilayo: esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo endle, njengama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, ulwelwe, njll. Izindlela zokuthola izinto eziphilayo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa indlela yokubona ngesibonakhulu, indlela yokubala isiko, indlela yokufunda i-microplate nokunye.
Indlela yokuthola ubuthi: esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola imiphumela enobuthi yezinto ezingcolisa indle ezintweni eziphilayo, ezifana nobuthi obuyingozi, ubuthi obungapheli, njll. Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuhlola ubuthi zihlanganisa indlela yokuhlola ubuthi bebhayoloji, indlela yokuhlola ubuthi be-microbial nokunye.
Indlela yokuhlola ebanzi: ngokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezinkomba ezahlukahlukene ezikhungweni zendle, hlola ikhwalithi isiyonke yemvelo yendle. Izindlela zokuhlola ezibanzi ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka indlela yenkomba yokungcoliswa kwemvelo, indlela yokuhlola engacacile, indlela yokuhlaziya ingxenye eyinhloko nokunye.
Ziningi izindlela zokutholwa kwamanzi angcolile, kodwa ingqikithi isasekelwe emiphumeleni yezici zekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ukuthatha amanzi angcolile ezimbonini njengento, okulandelayo izinhlobo ezimbili zokutholwa kwamanzi angcolile zokulinganisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile. Okokuqala, i-oxidation elula yezinto eziphilayo emanzini isetshenziswa izici, bese kancane kancane ikhomba futhi ilinganise izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezinezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi emanzini.
Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo
(1) Ukutholwa kwe-BOD, okungukuthi, ukutholwa kwesidingo somoya-mpilo we-biochemical. Isidingo se-biochemical oxygen siyimpokophelo yokulinganisa okuqukethwe kwezinto ezingcolisayo ze-aerobic njengezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Lapho okuhlosiwe kuphezulu, kuyanda ukungcola kwemvelo emanzini, kanye nokungcola okubi kakhulu. Ukungcola kwe-Organic kushukela, ukudla, iphepha, i-fiber kanye namanye amanzi angcolile ezimbonini kungahlukaniswa ngesenzo se-biochemical samagciwane e-aerobic, ngoba umoya-mpilo udliwa ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa, ngakho-ke ubizwa nangokuthi ukungcola kwe-aerobic, uma ukungcola okunjalo Ukukhipha ngokweqile ku- umzimba wamanzi uzodala i-oxygen eyanele encibilikile emanzini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-organic matter izoboliswa amagciwane anaerobic emanzini, abangele ukonakala, futhi akhiqize amagesi anephunga elibi njenge-methane, i-hydrogen sulfide, i-mercaptans, ne-ammonia, okuzokwenza ukuthi umzimba wamanzi wonane futhi unuke.
(2)Ukutholwa kwe-COD, okungukuthi, ukutholwa kwesidingo sekhemikhali komoya-mpilo, kusetshenziswa ama-oxidants amakhemikhali ukuze kuhlukanise izinto ezi-oxidizable emanzini ngokusebenzisa i-chemical reaction oxidation, bese ibala ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo ngenani lama-oxidants asele. Isidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali (COD) sivame ukusetshenziswa njengesilinganiso samanzi Inkomba yento ephilayo, inani elikhulu, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kubi kakhulu. Ukunqunywa kwesidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali kuyahlukahluka ngokunquma nezindlela zokunquma zokunciphisa izinto kumasampula amanzi. Njengamanje, izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-asidi ye-potassium permanganate oxidation nendlela ye-Potassium dichromate oxidation.
Zombili ziyaphelelisana, kodwa azifani. Ukutholwa kwe-COD kungabamba ngokunembile okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile, futhi kuthatha isikhathi esincane ukukala ngesikhathi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nayo, kunzima ukukhombisa i-organic matter e-oxidized by microorganisms. Ngokombono wenhlanzeko, ingachaza ngokuqondile izinga lokungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi angcolile aqukethe nezinto ezinciphisa i-inorganic, ezidinga futhi ukusebenzisa umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha i-oxidation, ngakho-ke i-COD isenamaphutha.
Kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kokubili, inani leBOD5ingaphansi kwe-COD, umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili ulingana nenani lezinto eziphilayo eziphikisayo, umehluko omkhulu, i-organic refractory ngaphezulu, kulokhu, akufanele isebenzise i-biological Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso se-BOD5 / COD singaba asetshenziselwa ukwahlulela ukuthi amanzi angcolile akulungele yini ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso se-BOD5/COD sibizwa ngokuthi inkomba ye-biochemical. Isilinganiso esincane, sinciphisa ukufaneleka kokwelashwa kwebhayoloji. Isilinganiso se-BOD5/COD samanzi angcolile afanele ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji Ngokuvamile sithathwa sikhulu kuno-0.3.