Umqondo we-chlorine esele
I-chlorine eyinsalela yinani le-chlorine etholakalayo esele emanzini ngemva kokuba amanzi ehlanjululwe futhi ebulawa amagciwane.
Le ngxenye ye-chlorine yengezwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwamanzi ukuze kubulawe amagciwane, ama-microorganisms, izinto eziphilayo kanye ne-inorganic matter emanzini. I-chlorine esele iyinkomba ebalulekile yomphumela wokubulala amagciwane emizimbeni yamanzi. I-chlorine eyinsalela ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili, okuyi-chlorine eyinsalela yamahhala kanye ne-chlorine eyinsalela ehlanganisiwe. I-chlorine eyinsalela yamahhala ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-chlorine yamahhala esesimweni se-Cl2, HOCl, OCl-, njll.; I-chlorine eyinsalela ehlanganisiwe yizinto ze-chloramine ezikhiqizwa ngemva kokusabela kwe-chlorine yamahhala nezinto ze-ammonium, njenge-NH2Cl, i-NHCl2, i-NCl3, njll. Ngokuvamile, i-chlorine eyinsalela isho i-chlorine eyinsalela, kuyilapho i-chlorine eyinsalela iyisamba sensalela yamahhala ne-chlorine esele. i-chlorine esele ehlanganisiwe.
Inani le-chlorine esele ngokuvamile lilinganiswa ngamamiligremu ilitha ngalinye. Inani le-chlorine esele lidinga ukufaneleka, lingabi phezulu kakhulu noma libe phansi kakhulu. Uma i-chlorine esele iphezulu kakhulu izokwenza amanzi anuke, kuyilapho i-chlorine esele iphansi kakhulu ingabangela amanzi ukuba alahlekelwe amandla awo okugcina inzalo nokunciphisa ukuphepha okuhlanzekile kokuphakelwa kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ekuhlanzeni amanzi kampompi, izinga le-chlorine esele livame ukugadwa futhi lilungiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokufaneleka kwekhwalithi yamanzi.
Iqhaza le-chlorine ekuhlanzeni indle yasemadolobheni kubulala amagciwane
1. Indima yokubulala amagciwane nge-chlorine
I-Chlorination iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokubulala amagciwane ekuhlanzeni indle yasemadolobheni. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko imi kanje:
1. Umphumela omuhle wokubulala amagciwane
Ekulapheni indle, i-chlorine ingabulala amabhaktheriya amaningi nama-virus. I-Chlorine yenza ama-microorganisms asebenze ngokufaka i-oxidizing amaprotheni awo nama-nucleic acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chlorine ingabulala amaqanda nama-cysts kwezinye izimuncagazi.
2. Umphumela we-oxidizing kukhwalithi yamanzi
Ukwengeza i-chlorine nakho kungakhipha i-organic matter emanzini, kubangele ukuthi izinto eziphilayo ziboliswe zibe ama-acids angaphili, i-carbon dioxide nezinye izinto. I-Chlorine ihlangana ne-organic matter emanzini ukuze ikhiqize ama-oxidants afana ne-hypochlorous acid ne-chlorine monoxide, yona ebolisa i-organic matter.
3. Vimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane
Ukwengeza inani elifanele le-chlorine kungavimbela ukukhula kwamanye amagciwane, kunciphise inani lodaka ethangini lokusabela, futhi kunciphise ubunzima nezindleko zokwelashwa okulandelayo.
2. Izinzuzo kanye Nemibi Ye-Chlorine Disinfection
1. Izinzuzo
(1) Umphumela omuhle wokubulala amagciwane: Umthamo ofanelekile we-chlorine ungabulala amagciwane amaningi namagciwane.
(2) Ukulinganisa okulula: Imishini yokudosa nge-chlorine inesakhiwo esilula futhi kulula ukuyinakekela.
(3) Izindleko eziphansi: Izindleko zempahla yokuletha i-chlorine ziphansi futhi kulula ukuzithenga.
2. Okubi
(1) I-Chlorine ikhiqiza izinto eziyingozi njenge-hypochloronitrile: Uma i-chlorine ihlangana nezinto eziphilayo ezine-nitrogen, kukhiqizwa izinto eziyingozi njenge-hypochloronitrile, ezizodala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
(2) Inkinga yensalela ye-chlorine: Eminye imikhiqizo ye-chlorine ayiguquguquki futhi izohlala emanzini, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okulandelayo noma izinkinga zemvelo.
3. Izinkinga ezidinga ukunakwa lapho wengeza i-chlorine
1. Ukugxila kwe-chlorine
Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-chlorine kuphansi kakhulu, umphumela wokubulala amagciwane awukwazi ukufezwa futhi indle ayikwazi ukubulawa amagciwane ngokuphumelelayo; uma ukuhlushwa kwe-chlorine kuphezulu kakhulu, okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine esele emzimbeni wamanzi kuzoba phezulu, okubangela ukulimala emzimbeni womuntu.
2. Isikhathi sokujova nge-chlorine
Isikhathi somjovo we-chlorine kufanele sikhethwe ekugelezeni kwenqubo yokugcina yesistimu yokuhlanza indle ukuze kuvinjelwe indle ukuthi ingalahlekelwa yi-chlorine noma ikhiqize eminye imikhiqizo yokuvutshelwa kwezinye izinqubo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte umphumela wokubulala amagciwane.
3. Ukukhethwa kwemikhiqizo ye-chlorine
Imikhiqizo ehlukene ye-chlorine inamanani ahlukene kanye nokusebenza emakethe, futhi ukukhethwa kwemikhiqizo kufanele kusekelwe ezimweni ezithile.
Ngamafuphi, ukufaka i-chlorine kungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlanza indle yasemadolobheni kanye nokubulala amagciwane. Enqubweni yokuhlanza indle, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kanye nomjovo we-chlorine kungaqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuphepha kwekhwalithi yamanzi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza indle. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi imininingwane yobuchwepheshe nezindaba zokuvikela imvelo okudingeka ukuthi zinakwe lapho wengeza i-chlorine.
Kungani i-chlorine yengezwa ekwelashweni kwamanzi:
Esigabeni sokuchitheka kwamanzi kampompi nezitshalo zokuhlanza indle, inqubo yokubulala amagciwane nge-chlorine isetshenziswa kabanzi ukubulala amagciwane namagciwane emanzini. Ekwelapheni amanzi okupholisa ajikelezayo ezimbonini, kusetshenziswa inzalo ye-chlorine kanye nenqubo yokususwa kwe-algae, ngoba ngesikhathi sokupholisa ukujikeleza kwamanzi, ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwengxenye yamanzi, imisoco emanzini igxilile, amabhaktheriya namanye ama-microorganisms. izophindaphindeka ngobuningi, futhi kulula ukwenza i-slime Ukungcola, i-slime eyeqile nokungcola kungabangela ukuvinjelwa kwamapayipi kanye nokugqwala.
Uma i-chlorine esele emanzini kampompi iphezulu kakhulu, izingozi eziyinhloko yilezi:
1. Iyacasula kakhulu futhi iyingozi ohlelweni lokuphefumula.
2. Isabela kalula ne-organic matter emanzini ukuze ikhiqize amakhemikhali e-carcinogen afana ne-chloroform ne-chloroform.
3. Njengempahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza, ingaba nemiphumela emibi. Isibonelo, uma isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yewayini yerayisi, inomthelela wokubulala amagciwane emvubelo enqubweni yokuvutshelwa futhi ithinta izinga lewayini. Ngoba i-chlorine ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi ompompi, futhi i-chlorine esele izokhiqiza izinto ezibangela umdlavuza njenge-chloroform phakathi nenqubo yokushisisa. Ukuphuza isikhathi eside kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukungcoliswa komthombo wamanzi kuye kwaba kubi nakakhulu, okuholela ngokuqondile ekwandeni kokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine esele emanzini ompompi.
Yiziphi izindlela zokulinganisa ze-chlorine esele?
1. DPD colorimetry
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Isimiso: Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-pH 6.2~6.5, i-ClO2 iqala isabela ne-DPD esinyathelweni 1 ukuze ikhiqize inhlanganisela ebomvu, kodwa inani livela kuphela lifinyelela ingxenye eyodwa kwesihlanu yengqikithi yalo yokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine etholakalayo (okulingana nokunciphisa i-ClO2 kuya kuma-ion e-chlorite) eyodwa. Uma isampula lamanzi lifakwe i-asidi phambi kwe-iodide, i-chlorite ne-chlorate nayo isabela, futhi lapho ingathathi hlangothi ngokungezwa kwe-bicarbonate, umbala owumphumela uhambisana nengqikithi yokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine etholakalayo ye-ClO2. Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-chlorine yamahhala kungalawulwa ngokungeza i-glycine. Isisekelo siwukuthi i-glycine ingashintsha ngokushesha i-chlorine yamahhala ibe i-aminoacetic acid e-chlorine, kodwa ayinawo umthelela ku-ClO2.
2. Indlela ye-electrode ehlanganisiwe
Isimiso: I-electrode icwiliswa ekamelweni le-electrolyte, futhi igumbi le-electrolyte lithintana namanzi nge-porous hydrophilic membrane. I-Hypochlorous acid isakazeka emgodini we-electrolyte ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi olunezimbotshana lwe-hydrophilic, lwenza umsinga endaweni ye-electrode. Ubukhulu bamanje buncike esivinini lapho i-hypochlorous acid isakazeka khona emgodini we-electrolyte. Izinga lokusabalalisa lilingana nokugcwala kwe-chlorine esele esixazululweni. Kala usayizi wamanje. Ukuhlushwa kwe-chlorine esele esixazululweni kunganqunywa.
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3. Indlela ye-electrode eqhubekayo (indlela ye-electrode engena-membrane)
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Isimiso: Amandla azinzile ayagcinwa phakathi kokulinganisa kanye nama-electrode ereferensi, futhi izingxenye ezilinganisiwe ezihlukene zizokhiqiza amandla amanje ahlukene kulokhu kunamandla. Iqukethe ama-electrode amabili e-platinum kanye ne-electrode eyireferensi ukwakha uhlelo lokulinganisa lwe-microcurrent. Ku-electrode yokulinganisa, ama-molecule e-chlorine noma i-hypochlorite ayasetshenziswa, futhi amandla amanje akhiqizwayo ahlobene nokugcwala kwe-chlorine esele emanzini.
Ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-chlorine eliyinsalela ye-Lianhua i-LH-P3CLO isebenzisa indlela yokuthola i-DPD, elula ukuyisebenzisa futhi engaveza imiphumela ngokushesha. Udinga kuphela ukungeza ama-reagents angu-2 kanye nesampula okufanele ihlolwe, futhi ungathola imiphumela yokuqhathanisa imibala. Ibanga lokulinganisa libanzi, izidingo zilula, futhi imiphumela inembile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-30-2024
