Isidingo somoya-mpilo samakhemikhali, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukusetshenziswa komoyampilo wamakhemikhali, noma i-COD ngamafuphi, sisebenzisa ama-oxidants amakhemikhali (afana ne-potassium dichromate) ukuze ku-oxidize futhi kubolise izinto ezi-oxidizable (njengezinto eziphilayo, i-nitrite, usawoti oyinsimbi, ama-sulfide, njll.) emanzini, bese ukusetshenziswa komoyampilo kubalwa ngokusekelwe enanini le-oxidant esele. Njengesidingo se-biochemical oxygen (BOD), iyinkomba ebalulekile yezinga lokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Iyunithi ye-COD ingu-ppm noma mg/L. Inani elincane, liyancipha izinga lokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ocwaningweni lokungcoliswa kwemifula kanye nezindawo zamanzi angcolile ezimbonini, kanye nasekusebenzeni nasekuphathweni kwezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, kuyipharamitha yokungcoliswa kweCOD ebalulekile futhi elinganiswa ngokushesha.
I-Chemical oxygen demand (COD) ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengenkomba ebalulekile yokukala okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Lapho ikhemikhali idingeka kakhulu, yilapho umzimba wamanzi ungcoliswa izinto eziphilayo. Esilinganisweni sesidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali (COD), amanani akalwayo ayahluka kuye ngezinto ezinciphisa isampula yamanzi nezindlela zokulinganisa. Izindlela zokunquma ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje indlela ye-acidic potassium permanganate oxidation kanye nendlela ye-potassium dichromate oxidation.
Izinto eziphilayo ziyingozi kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi zezimboni. Uma sikhuluma nje, isidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali sihlanganisa nezinto ezinciphisa izinto ezingaphili ezikhona emanzini. Ngokuvamile, njengoba inani lezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile likhulu kakhulu kunesamba sezinto ezingaphili, isidingo somoya-mpilo samakhemikhali ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ukumela inani eliphelele lezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokulinganisa, izinto eziphilayo ezingenayo i-nitrogen emanzini zifakwa kalula nge-potassium permanganate, kuyilapho izinto eziphilayo eziqukethe i-nitrogen kunzima kakhulu ukubola. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo kulungele ukulinganisa amanzi emvelo noma amanzi angcolile avamile aqukethe izinto eziphilayo ezifakwe i-oxidized kalula, kuyilapho amanzi angcolile embonini ephilayo anezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu evame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala isidingo samakhemikhali komoya-mpilo.
Umthelela we-COD ezinhlelweni zokuhlanza amanzi
Lapho amanzi aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo edlula ohlelweni lokukhipha usawoti emanzini, azongcolisa inhlaka yokushintshanisa i-ion. Phakathi kwazo, kulula kakhulu ukungcolisa i-anion exchange resin, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthamo wokushintshaniswa kwe-resin. Izinto eziphilayo zingancishiswa cishe ngamaphesenti angama-50 ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (i-coagulation, ukucaciswa nokuhlunga), kodwa izinto eziphilayo azikwazi ukususwa ngempumelelo ohlelweni lokukhipha usawoti emanzini. Ngakho-ke, amanzi okwakheka ngokuvamile alethwa kubhayela ukuze kwehliswe inani le-pH lamanzi abhayela. , okubangela ukugqwala kwesistimu; ngezinye izikhathi izinto eziphilayo zingase zilethwe ohlelweni lwesitimu futhi zihlanganise amanzi, kunciphise inani le-pH, okungase futhi kubangele ukugqwala kwesistimu.
Ukwengeza, okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo ngokweqile ohlelweni lwamanzi ajikelezayo kuzokhuthaza ukuzalana kwama-microbial. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini, amanzi abhayela noma amasistimu amanzi ajikelezayo, i-COD ephansi, ingcono, kodwa okwamanje ayikho inkomba yezinombolo ezihlanganisiwe.
Qaphela: Kuhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa ajikelezayo, lapho i-COD (indlela ye-KMnO4) ingu>5mg/L, ikhwalithi yamanzi isiqalile ukuwohloka.
Umthelela we-COD ku-ecology
Okuqukethwe kwe-COD ephezulu kusho ukuthi amanzi aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezinciphisayo, ikakhulukazi ukungcola kwemvelo. Uma iphezulu i-COD, kuba bucayi kakhulu ukungcola kwemvelo emanzini omfula. Imithombo yalokhu kungcola okuphilayo ngokuvamile izibulala-zinambuzane, izitshalo zamakhemikhali, umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo, njll. Uma ingelashwanga ngesikhathi, izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo eziningi zingakhangezwa yinhlabathi ephansi yomfula bese ifakwa, ibangele ubuthi obuhlala njalo empilweni yasemanzini eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. iminyaka.
Ngemva kokufa kwenani elikhulu lezinto eziphila emanzini, i-ecosystem emfuleni izobhujiswa kancane kancane. Uma abantu bedla izinto ezinjalo emanzini, bazomunca inani elikhulu lobuthi kulezi zinto eziphilayo futhi babuthelele emzimbeni. Lobu buthi buvame ukuba yi-carcinogenic, deformational, ne-mutagenic, futhi buyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu. Ukwengeza, uma amanzi omfula angcolile esetshenziselwa ukuchelela, izitshalo nezitshalo nazo zizothinteka futhi zikhule kabi. Lezi zitshalo ezingcolile azikwazi ukudliwa abantu.
Kodwa-ke, isidingo se-oksijini samakhemikhali esiphezulu akusho ngempela ukuthi kuzoba nezingozi ezibalwe ngenhla, futhi isiphetho sokugcina singafinyelelwa kuphela ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe. Isibonelo, hlaziya izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuthi lezi zinto eziphilayo zinamuphi umthelela kukhwalithi yamanzi nemvelo, nokuthi ziyingozi yini emzimbeni womuntu. Uma ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kungenzeki, ungakwazi futhi ukukala isidingo sekhemikhali komoyampilo yesampula yamanzi futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Uma inani lehla kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nenani langaphambilini, kusho ukuthi izinto ezinciphisayo eziqukethwe emanzini ngokuyinhloko ziyizinto eziphilayo ezibola kalula. Izinto ezinjalo eziphilayo ziyingozi emzimbeni womuntu futhi izingozi ze-Biological zincane uma kuqhathaniswa.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokucekelwa phansi kwamanzi angcolile e-COD
Njengamanje, indlela ye-adsorption, indlela yokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali, indlela ye-electrochemical, indlela ye-oxidation ye-ozone, indlela yezinto eziphilayo, i-micro-electrolysis, njll. izindlela ezivamile zokucekelwa phansi kwamanzi angcolile e-COD.
Indlela yokuthola i-COD
I-spectrophotometry yokugaya ngokushesha, indlela yokuthola i-COD yeNkampani ye-Lianhua, ingathola imiphumela enembayo ye-COD ngemva kokwengeza izinto ezisizayo nokugaya isampula ku-165 degrees imizuzu eyi-10. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, inomthamo ophansi we-reagent, ukungcola okuphansi, nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-22-2024
