Ukwanda kwezakhi zomzimba emanzini kubhekisela esimweni sokuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebenzi yabantu, izakhamzimba ezifana ne-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ezidingwa yizinto eziphilayo zingena emanzini ageleza kancane njengamachibi, imifula, ama-bay, njll. ngobuningi obukhulu, okuholela ekuzaleni okusheshayo kwe-algae kanye nezinye i-plankton, ukwehla komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emzimbeni wamanzi, ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi, kanye nokufa kwezinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo ngobuningi.
Izimbangela zayo zifaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:
1. Izakhamzimba eziningi kakhulu: Okuqukethwe ngokweqile kwezakhamzimba njenge-phosphorus ephelele kanye ne-nitrogen ephelele kuyimbangela eqondile yokugcwala kwamanzi amaningi.
2. Isimo sokugeleza kwamanzi: Isimo sokugeleza kwamanzi okuhamba kancane (njengamachibi, amadamu okugcina amanzi, njll.) senza kube nzima ukuthi izakhamzimba ezisemzimbeni wamanzi zincibilike futhi zisabalale, okusiza ekukhuleni kwe-algae.
3. Izinga lokushisa elifanele: Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi, ikakhulukazi kusukela ku-20℃ kuya ku-35℃, kuzokhuthaza ukukhula nokuzalela kwe-algae.
4. Izinto ezibangela abantu: Inani elikhulu lamanzi amdaka aqukethe i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, udoti kanye nomanyolo okhishwa yizimboni, ezolimo kanye nokuphila ezindaweni ezizungezile ezithuthukile ngokomnotho nezinabantu abaningi kuyizimbangela ezibalulekile zabantu zokugcwala kwamanzi emzimbeni.
Ukwanda kwe-Eutrophic kwezindawo zamanzi kanye nemiphumela emvelweni
Umthelela we-eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi emvelweni ubonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi: Ukuzalela okukhulu kwe-algae kuzodla umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini, okubangela ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi futhi kuthinte ukusinda kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.
2. Ukungalingani kwemvelo: Ukukhula okuxakile kolwelwe kuzobhubhisa ukugeleza kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye namandla kwemvelo yasemanzini, okuholela ekungalinganini kokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo, futhi kuze kubhubhise kancane kancane yonke imvelo yasemanzini.
3. Ukungcoliswa komoya: Ukubola nokubola kolwelwe kuzokhiqiza iphunga futhi kungcolise imvelo yomkhathi.
4. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi: Ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi kuzokwandisa ukushoda kwemithombo yamanzi.
Ichibi elalicwebezela ekuqaleni futhi lingenawo umkhawulo ngokuzumayo laba luhlaza. Lokhu kungase kungabi amandla entwasahlobo, kodwa isixwayiso sokugcwala kwamanzi amaningi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi amaningi ngokweqile, ngamagama alula, “kuwukudla ngokweqile” ezindaweni zamanzi. Uma okuqukethwe izakhamzimba ezifana ne-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ezindaweni zamanzi ezigeleza kancane njengamachibi nemifula kuphezulu kakhulu, kufana nokuvula “i-buffet” ye-algae nezinye i-plankton. Zizozalana kakhulu futhi zakhe “izimbali zamanzi”. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwenza amanzi abe made, kodwa futhi kuletha uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo.
Amandla ashukumisayo okukhulisa i-eutrophic yezindawo zamanzi, ngakho-ke lezi zakhi zomzimba eziningi zivelaphi? Kunemithombo elandelayo ikakhulukazi:
Umanyolo wezolimo: Ukuze kwandiswe isivuno sezitshalo, kusetshenziswa inani elikhulu lomanyolo wamakhemikhali, futhi iningi lomanyolo we-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ligeleza emanzini ngaphansi kokuhluzwa kwamanzi emvula.
Indle yasekhaya: Indle yasekhaya emadolobheni iqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ezinsipho nasezinsaleleni zokudla. Uma ikhishwa ngqo ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma ukwelashwa okungafanele, izoba yimbangela yokuqothulwa kwamanzi emzimbeni.
Ukukhishwa kwegesi ezimbonini: Amanye amafektri azokhiqiza amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Uma engakhishwa kahle, azongcolisa nomzimba wamanzi.
Izici zemvelo: Nakuba izici zemvelo ezifana nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi nazo zingaletha izakhamzimba ezithile, emphakathini wanamuhla, imisebenzi yabantu iyimbangela eyinhloko yokugcwala kwamanzi.
Imiphumela ye-eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi:
Ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi: Ukuzalela okukhulu kwe-algae kuzodla umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini, okubangela ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi yonakale futhi ikhiphe nephunga elibi.
Ukungalingani kwemvelo: Ukuqubuka kwe-algae kuzocindezela indawo yokuhlala yezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, okubangela ukufa kwezinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo futhi kubhubhise ibhalansi yemvelo.
Ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho: Ukwanda kwe-Eutrophication kuzothinta intuthuko yezimboni ezifana nokudoba kanye nezokuvakasha, okubangela ukulahlekelwa emnothweni wendawo.
Izingozi zempilo: Izindawo zamanzi ezihlala emanzini ashisayo zingase zibe nezinto eziyingozi, njengebhaktheriya kanye nobuthi, obusongela impilo yabantu.
Uma kuhlanganiswa nezimbangela zokugcwala kwamanzi emzimbeni, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphorus index okudingekayo emanzini angcolile asekhaya kanye namanzi angcolile ezimboni, futhi "ukuvimba" umthombo kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukungena kwezakhamzimba zangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutholakala nokuqapha i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kanye nezinye izinkomba emachibini nasemifuleni kuzohlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwedatha okudingekayo kanye nesisekelo sokwenza izinqumo zokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi.
Yiziphi izinkomba ezihlolwa ukuze kutholakale i-eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi?
Izinkomba zokutholwa kwe-eutrophication emanzini zifaka phakathi i-chlorophyll a, i-phosphorus ephelele (TP), i-nitrogen ephelele (TN), ukucaca (SD), i-permanganate index (CODMn), i-oxygen encibilikisiwe (DO), i-biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), i-chemical oxygen demand (COD), i-organic carbon ephelele (TOC), i-total oxygen demand (TOD), i-nitrogen content, i-phosphorus content, amabhaktheriya aphelele, njll.
I-LH-P300 iyimitha yekhwalithi yamanzi ephathekayo engabizi kakhulu engalinganisa ngokushesha nangokunembileI-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus iyonke, i-nitrogen iyonke, ukungcola okungokwemvelo kanye nokungcola okungaphili kumasampula amanzi. Ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuthola izinkomba ezibalulekile ze-nitrogen ne-phosphorus zokuqothuka kwamanzi. Ithuluzi lincane futhi lilula, kulula ukulisebenzisa futhi lisebenza ngokugcwele, lisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuqothuka kwamanzi kuhlobene nokuphila kwawo wonke umuntu, impilo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Ngokuqapha nokuphendula ngokwesayensi, ngikholwa ukuthi sizokwazi ukunqoba le nselele futhi sivikele izinsiza zamanzi esithembele kuzo ukuze siphile. Ake siqale kusukela manje, siqale ezintweni ezincane ezisizungezile, futhi sinikele ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwezinsiza zamanzi!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-09-2024
