Amanzi angcolile endwangu ikakhulukazi amanzi angcolile aqukethe ukungcola kwemvelo, amafutha, isitashi nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokupheka kwempahla eluhlaza, ukuwasha, ukugcoba, ukulinganisa, njll. Ukuphrinta nokudaywa kwamanzi angcolile akhiqizwa ngezinqubo eziningi ezinjengokugeza, ukudaya, ukuphrinta, ukulinganisa, njll., futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezinjengodayi, isitashi, i-cellulose, i-lignin, okokuhlanza, kanye nezinto ezingaphili njenge-alkali, i-sulfide, nosawoti abahlukahlukene, abangcolisa kakhulu.
Izici zokuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile
Imboni yokuphrinta yendwangu kanye nokudaya ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wamanzi angcolile ezimbonini. Amanzi angcolile aqukethe ikakhulukazi ukungcola, amafutha, usawoti emicu yendwangu, nama-slurries ahlukahlukene, odayi, ama-surfactants, izithasiselo, ama-asidi nama-alkali angeziwe ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Izici zamanzi angcolile ziwukugxila okuphezulu kwe-organic, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, i-chromaticity ejulile futhi eguquguqukayo, izinguquko ezinkulu ze-pH, izinguquko ezinkulu kumthamo wamanzi kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi, futhi kunzima ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ezimbonini. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezindwangu ze-fiber zamakhemikhali, ukukhuphuka kosilika wokulingisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokuqeda ukuphrinta nokudaya, inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo eziphikisayo ezifana ne-PVA slurry, i-rayon alkaline hydrolyzate, odayi abasha, kanye nezinsiza zingenile kwendwangu. ukuphrinta kanye nokudaywa kwamanzi angcolile, okufaka inselele enkulu enqubweni evamile yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ukugxila kwe-COD nakho kukhuphuke ukusuka kumakhulu amamiligremu ilitha kuya ku-3000-5000 mg/l.
Amanzi angcolile anodaka nokudaya ane-chroma ephezulu kanye ne-COD ephezulu, ikakhulukazi izinqubo zokuphrinta nokudaya ezifana nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlanganisiwe, omnyama oxutshwe ne-mercerized, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama okwengeziwe, kanye nobumnyama obengeziwe obumnyama obuthuthukisiwe ngokuya ngemakethe yangaphandle. Lolu hlobo lokunyathelisa nokudaya lusebenzisa inani elikhulu lamadayi esulfure kanye nezinsiza zokunyathelisa nokudaya ezifana ne-sodium sulfide. Ngakho-ke, amanzi angcolile aqukethe inani elikhulu le-sulfide. Lolu hlobo lwamanzi angcolile kufanele luphathwe ngezidakamizwa bese luphathwa ngendlela elandelanayo ukuze luhlangabezane ngokuzinzile namazinga okukhishwa. Amanzi angcolile okugcoba nokudaywa aqukethe odayi, ama-slurries, ama-surfactants nezinye izinto ezisizayo. Inani lalolu hlobo lwamanzi angcolile likhulu, futhi ukugxila kanye ne-chromaticity kokubili kuphansi. Uma ukwelashwa ngokomzimba namakhemikhali kusetshenziswa yedwa, amanzi angcolile nawo aphakathi kuka-100 no-200 mg/l, futhi i-chromaticity ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhishwa, kodwa inani lokungcola landa kakhulu, izindleko zokwelashwa kwe-sludge ziphezulu, futhi kulula ukubangela ukungcola kwesibili. Ngaphansi kwesimo sezidingo eziqinile zokuvikela imvelo, uhlelo lokwelapha lwe-biochemical kufanele lucatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Izinqubo zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe zebhayoloji zingahlangabezana nezidingo zokwelashwa.
Indlela yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali
Indlela ye-coagulation
Kukhona ikakhulukazi indlela exubile ye-sedimentation kanye nendlela ye-flotation exubile. Ama-coagulant asetshenziswa kakhulu usawoti we-aluminium noma usawoti wensimbi. Phakathi kwazo, i-basic aluminium chloride (PAC) inokusebenza okungcono kwe-adsorption ye-bridging, futhi intengo ye-ferrous sulfate iphansi kakhulu. Inani labantu abasebenzisa i-polymer coagulants phesheya liyakhula, futhi kunomkhuba wokushintsha ama-coagulants angaphili, kodwa e-China, ngenxa yezizathu zamanani, ukusetshenziswa kwama-polymer coagulants kuseyivelakancane. Kubikwa ukuthi ama-anionic polymer coagulant abuthakathaka anobubanzi obubanzi kakhulu bokusetshenziswa. Uma zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ne-aluminium sulfate, zingadlala umphumela ongcono. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zendlela exubile ukugeleza kwenqubo elula, ukusebenza okulula nokuphatha, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini ephansi, unyawo oluncane, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-decolorization yamadayi we-hydrophobic; ukungalungi izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu, inani elikhulu le-sludge nobunzima bokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nomphumela omubi wokwelapha kumadayi we-hydrophilic.
Indlela ye-oxidation
Indlela ye-ozone oxidation isetshenziswa kabanzi phesheya. Zima SV et al. ifingqa imodeli yezibalo ye-ozone decolorization yokuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lapho isilinganiso se-ozone singu-0.886gO3/g udayi, izinga lokukhipha umbala emanzini angcolile odayi olukhanyayo lifinyelela ku-80%; lolu cwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi inani le-ozone elidingekayo ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo liphakeme kunalelo elidingekayo ekusebenzeni ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ukufakwa kwama-partitions ku-reactor kunganciphisa inani le-ozone ngo-16.7%. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa i-ozone oxidation decolorization, kuyatuseka ukuthi udizayine i-reactor ephakathi futhi ucabange ukufaka ama-partitions kuyo. Indlela ye-ozone oxidation ingafinyelela umphumela omuhle wokukhipha umbala kumadayi amaningi, kodwa umphumela wokukhipha umbala awulungile kumadayi angancibiliki emanzini njenge-sulfide, ukunciphisa, nama-coatings. Uma sibheka isipiliyoni sokusebenza kanye nemiphumela ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, le ndlela inomphumela omuhle we-decolorization, kodwa idla ugesi omningi, futhi kunzima ukuyikhuthaza nokuyisebenzisa ngezinga elikhulu. Indlela ye-photooxidation inekhono eliphezulu lokususa umbala ekwelapheni ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kumele kwehliswe nakakhulu.
Indlela ye-Electrolysis
I-Electrolysis inomthelela omuhle wokwelapha ekwelapheni kwamanzi angcolile okuphrinta nokudaya aqukethe odayi be-asidi, ngezinga lokushintsha umbala kusuka ku-50% kuya ku-70%, kodwa umphumela wokwelapha emanzini angcolile anombala omnyama kanye ne-CODcr ephezulu awulungile. Ucwaningo lwezakhiwo zikadayi ze-electrochemical lubonisa ukuthi ukuhleleka kwesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwe-CODcr kodayi abahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-electrolytic yilena: odayi besibabule, odayi abanciphisayo> odayi be-asidi, odayi abasebenzayo> odayi abangathathi hlangothi, odayi abaqondile> odayi be-cationic, futhi le ndlela iyathuthukiswa. futhi wafaka isicelo.
Yiziphi izinkomba okufanele zihlolwe ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile
1. Ukutholwa kwe-COD
I-COD isifinyezo sesidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile, okubonisa inani le-oksijini yekhemikhali edingekayo ukuze kufakwe i-oxidation nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili emanzini angcolile. Ukutholwa kwe-COD kungabonisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo ekuphrinteni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile.
2. Ukutholwa kwe-BOD
I-BOD isifinyezo sesidingo se-biochemical oxygen, esibonisa inani lomoya-mpilo odingekayo lapho izinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile ziboliswa amagciwane. Ukutholwa kwe-BOD kungabonisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo ekuphrinteni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile angonakaliswa ama-microorganisms, futhi kubonise ngokunembe kakhudlwana okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile.
3. Ukutholwa kweChroma
Umbala wokunyathelisa nokudaya amanzi angcolile unokushukumisa okuthile emehlweni omuntu. Ukutholwa kwe-Chroma kungabonisa ileveli ye-chroma emanzini angcolile futhi kube nencazelo ethile yenhloso yezinga lokungcola ekuphrinteni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile.
4. Ukutholwa kwenani le-pH
Inani le-pH liyinkomba ebalulekile ekhombisa ubumuncu kanye ne-alkalinity yamanzi angcolile. Ngokwelashwa kwebhayoloji, inani le-pH linomthelela omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, inani le-pH kufanele lilawulwe phakathi kuka-6.5-8.5. Ukuphakama noma okuphansi kakhulu kuzothinta ukukhula nemisebenzi ye-metabolic yezinto eziphilayo.
5. Ukutholwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen
I-ammonia nitrogen iyinkomba evamile ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile, futhi ingenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile ze-nitrogen eziphilayo. Kungumkhiqizo wokubola kwe-nitrogen ephilayo kanye ne-nitrogen ye-inorganic ibe i-ammonia ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile. I-ammonia nitrogen eyeqile izoholela ekuqoqweni kwe-nitrogen emanzini, okulula ukubangela i-eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi.
6. Ingqikithi yokutholwa kwe-phosphorus
I-phosphorus ephelele ingusawoti obalulekile wezakhi ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile. Ukweqisa okuphelele kwe-phosphorus kuzoholela eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi futhi kuthinte impilo yemizimba yamanzi. Ingqikithi ye-phosphorus ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile ikakhulukazi ivela odayi, izinsiza kanye namanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni.
Kafushane, izinkomba zokuqapha zokuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile ikakhulukazi zimboza i-COD, i-BOD, i-chromaticity, inani le-pH, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus ephelele nezinye izici. Kuphela ngokuhlola ngokucophelela lezi zinkomba nokuyiphatha ngendlela efanele lapho kungalawuleka kahle ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angcolile okunyathelisayo nokudaya.
I-Lianhua ingumkhiqizi onolwazi lweminyaka engu-40 ekukhiqizeni amathuluzi okuhlola izinga lamanzi. Isebenza ngokukhethekile ekuhlinzekeni ilabhorethriI-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus isiyonke, i-nitrogen ephelele,I-BOD, izinsimbi ezisindayo, izinto ezingaphili namanye amathuluzi okuhlola. Amathuluzi angakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokushesha imiphumela, kulula ukusebenza, futhi abe nemiphumela enembile. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene ezinokukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-24-2024
