Amanzi angcolile endwangu ikakhulukazi amanzi angcolile aqukethe ukungcola kwemvelo, amafutha, isitashi nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokupheka izinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuhlanza, ukufiphaza, ukulinganisa, njll. Ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile kukhiqizwa ngezinqubo eziningi ezifana nokuwasha, ukudaya, ukuphrinta, ukulinganisa, njll., futhi kuqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezifana nodayi, isitashi, i-cellulose, i-lignin, izihlanzi, kanye nezinto ezingaphili njenge-alkali, i-sulfide, kanye nosawoti abahlukahlukene, ezingcolisa kakhulu.
Izici zokunyathelisa nokudaya amanzi amdaka
Imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya izindwangu iyinkampani enkulu ekhipha amanzi angcolile ezimbonini. Amanzi angcolile aqukethe kakhulu ukungcola, amafutha, usawoti kumafayibha ezindwangu, kanye nama-slurry ahlukahlukene, amadayi, ama-surfactants, izithasiselo, ama-acid kanye nama-alkali angeziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokucubungula.
Izici zamanzi amdaka ziwukugcwala okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, i-chromaticity ejulile neguquguqukayo, izinguquko ezinkulu ze-pH, izinguquko ezinkulu kumthamo wamanzi kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi, futhi kunzima ukwelapha amanzi amdaka asezimbonini. Ngokuthuthuka kwezindwangu zefayibha yamakhemikhali, ukwanda kwesilika yokulingisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokuqeda ukuphrinta nokudaya ngemva kokunyathelisa, inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezingaphili njenge-PVA slurry, i-rayon alkaline hydrolyzate, amadayi amasha, kanye nezinsizakusebenza ziye zangena ekunyathelisweni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka ngezindwangu, okubeka inselele enkulu enkambisweni yokwelapha amanzi amdaka yendabuko. Ukugcwala kwe-COD nakho kukhuphuke kusuka kumakhulu ama-milligram ngelitha kuya ku-3000-5000 mg/l.
Amanzi amdaka amdaka anombala ane-chroma ephezulu kanye ne-COD ephezulu, ikakhulukazi izinqubo zokunyathelisa nokudaya ezifana nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka olucwebezelayo, umnyama ocwebezelayo, uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ocwebezelayo, kanye nomnyama omnyama kakhulu othuthukiswe ngokwemakethe yangaphandle. Lolu hlobo lokunyathelisa nokudaya lusebenzisa inani elikhulu lamadayi esibabule kanye nezinsiza zokunyathelisa nokudaya ezifana ne-sodium sulfide. Ngakho-ke, amanzi amdaka aqukethe inani elikhulu le-sulfide. Lolu hlobo lwamanzi amdaka kumele luphathwe kusengaphambili ngemithi bese luphathwa ngokulandelana ukuze luhlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa. Amanzi amdaka acwebezelayo nokudaya aqukethe amadayi, amadayi, ama-surfactant kanye nezinye izinsiza. Inani lalolu hlobo lwamanzi amdaka likhulu, futhi ukuhlushwa kanye ne-chromaticity kokubili kuphansi. Uma ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nangokwekhemikhali kusetshenziswa kodwa, ukungcola nakho kuphakathi kuka-100 no-200 mg/l, futhi i-chromaticity ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhishwa, kodwa inani lokungcola liyakhuphuka kakhulu, izindleko zokwelashwa kodaka ziphezulu, futhi kulula ukubangela ukungcola kwesibili. Ngaphansi kwesimo sezidingo eziqinile zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, uhlelo lokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kufanele lucatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Izinqubo zokwelapha ezivamile ezithuthukisiwe zezinto eziphilayo zingahlangabezana nezidingo zokwelashwa.
Indlela yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali
Indlela yokujiya
Kukhona ikakhulukazi indlela yokuxuba inhlabathi kanye nendlela yokuxuba inhlabathi. Ama-coagulant asetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi usawoti we-aluminium noma usawoti wensimbi. Phakathi kwawo, i-basic aluminium chloride (PAC) inokusebenza okungcono kokufaka i-absorption, futhi intengo ye-ferrous sulfate iphansi kakhulu. Inani labantu abasebenzisa ama-polymer coagulant kwamanye amazwe liyakhula, futhi kukhona umkhuba wokufaka ama-inorganic coagulant, kodwa eShayina, ngenxa yezizathu zamanani, ukusetshenziswa kwama-polymer coagulant kusavamile. Kubikwa ukuthi ama-anionic polymer coagulant abuthakathaka anobubanzi bokusetshenziswa. Uma esetshenziswa kanye ne-aluminium sulfate, angadlala umphumela ongcono. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zendlela ehlanganisiwe ukuhamba kwenqubo okulula, ukusebenza okulula nokuphathwa, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi kwemishini, indawo encane, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokususa umbala kumadayi angenawo umoya; izinkinga izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu, inani elikhulu lodaka kanye nobunzima bokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nomphumela omubi wokwelashwa kumadayi angenawo umoya.
Indlela yokuxubha
Indlela yokuxilisa i-ozone isetshenziswa kabanzi kwamanye amazwe. UZima SV nabanye bafingqa imodeli yezibalo yokususa umbala we-ozone emanzini angcolile okunyathelisa nokudaya. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi uma umthamo we-ozone ungu-0.886gO3/g, izinga lokususa umbala wamanzi angcolile ansundu okhanyayo lifinyelela ku-80%; lolu cwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi inani le-ozone elidingekayo ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo liphakeme kunalelo elidingekayo ekusebenzeni ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ukufakwa kwama-partitions ku-reactor kunganciphisa inani le-ozone ngo-16.7%. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa ukususwa kombala we-ozone oxidation, kuyalulekwa ukuklama i-intermittent reactor bese ucabanga ukufaka ama-partitions kuyo. Indlela yokuxilisa i-ozone ingafinyelela umphumela omuhle wokususa umbala kumadayi amaningi, kodwa umphumela wokususa umbala awulungile kumadayi angancibiliki emanzini njenge-sulfide, ukunciphisa, kanye nokugqoka. Uma sibheka ulwazi lokusebenza nemiphumela ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, le ndlela inomphumela omuhle wokususa umbala, kodwa idla ugesi omningi, futhi kunzima ukuyikhuthaza nokuyisebenzisa ngezinga elikhulu. Indlela ye-photooxidation inekhono eliphezulu lokususa umbala ekuphatheni ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kudinga ukuncishiswa kakhulu.
Indlela ye-Electrolysis
I-Electrolysis inomphumela omuhle wokwelapha ekwelapheni ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi amdaka aqukethe amadayi e-asidi, ngesilinganiso sokususa umbala esingu-50% kuya ku-70%, kodwa umphumela wokwelapha emanzini amdaka anombala omnyama kanye ne-CODcr ephezulu awulungile. Izifundo ngezakhiwo zamadayi ze-electrochemical zibonisa ukuthi ukuhleleka kwesilinganiso sokususwa kwe-CODcr kwamadayi ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-electrolytic yilokhu: amadayi esibabule, amadayi okunciphisa> amadayi e-asidi, amadayi asebenzayo> amadayi angathathi hlangothi, amadayi aqondile> amadayi e-cationic, futhi le ndlela iyakhuthazwa futhi isetshenziswa.
Yiziphi izinkomba okufanele zihlolwe zokunyathelisa nokudaya amanzi amdaka
1. Ukutholwa kwe-COD
I-COD isifinyezo sesidingo se-oxygen yamakhemikhali ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka, esibonisa inani le-oxygen yamakhemikhali edingekayo ukuze kufakwe i-oxidation kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili emanzini amdaka. Ukutholwa kwe-COD kungabonisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka, okubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka.
2. Ukutholwa kwe-BOD
I-BOD isifinyezo sesidingo se-oxygen yamakhemikhali, esibonisa inani le-oxygen elidingekayo lapho izinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile zibola ngama-microorganism. Ukutholwa kwe-BOD kungabonisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile angonakaliswa ama-microorganism, futhi kuchaze ngokunembile okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile.
3. Ukutholwa kwe-Chroma
Umbala wokunyathelisa nokudaya amanzi amdaka unethonya elithile emehlweni omuntu. Ukutholwa kwe-Chroma kungabonisa izinga le-chroma emanzini amdaka futhi kube nencazelo ethile eqondile yezinga lokungcola ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka.
4. Ukutholwa kwenani le-pH
Inani le-pH liyinkomba ebalulekile yokuchaza ubumuncu kanye ne-alkalinity yamanzi angcolile. Ngokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo, inani le-pH linomthelela omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, inani le-pH kufanele lilawulwe phakathi kuka-6.5-8.5. Ukuphakama kakhulu noma okuphansi kakhulu kuzothinta ukukhula kanye nemisebenzi ye-metabolic yezinto eziphilayo.
5. Ukutholwa kwe-nitrogen ye-ammonia
I-nitrogen ye-ammonia iyisibonakaliso esivamile ekuphrinteni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka, futhi ingenye yezibonakaliso ezibalulekile ze-nitrogen ephilayo. Ingumkhiqizo wokubola kwe-nitrogen ephilayo kanye ne-nitrogen engaphili ibe yi-ammonia ekuphrinteni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka. I-nitrogen eningi ye-ammonia izoholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-nitrogen emanzini, okulula ukubangela ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni.
6. Ukutholwa kwe-phosphorus ephelele
I-phosphorus iyonke iyisakhi esibalulekile sosawoti ekuphrinteni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka. I-phosphorus eningi iyonke izoholela ekugcwaleni kwemizimba yamanzi futhi ithinte impilo yemizimba yamanzi. I-phosphorus iyonke ekuphrinteni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka ivela kakhulu kumadayi, izinto ezisizayo kanye namanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswa enkambisweni yokuphrinta nasekudayeni.
Ngamafuphi, izinkomba zokuqapha ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi amdaka zihlanganisa kakhulu i-COD, i-BOD, i-chromaticity, inani le-pH, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus iyonke nezinye izici. Ukungcola kwamanzi amdaka okuphrinta nokudaya kungalawulwa ngempumelelo kuphela ngokuhlola ngokuphelele lezi zinkomba nokuziphatha kahle.
ULianhua ungumkhiqizi onolwazi lweminyaka engama-40 ekukhiqizeni amathuluzi okuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi. Ugxile ekuhlinzekeni ngelebhuI-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus iyonke, i-nitrogen iyonke,I-BOD, izinsimbi ezisindayo, izinto ezingaphili kanye nezinye izinto zokuhlola. Lezi zinto zingakhiqiza imiphumela ngokushesha, kulula ukuzisebenzisa, futhi zibe nemiphumela enembile. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene ezikhipha amanzi angcolile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-24-2024
