Amanzi ayisisekelo esibonakalayo sokusinda kwebhayoloji yoMhlaba.Imithombo yamanzi yizimo eziyinhloko zokugcina intuthuko esimeme yemvelo yomhlaba.Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela imithombo yamanzi kuwumthwalo omkhulu futhi ongcwele kakhulu wabantu.Namuhla, iyanda imithombo yamanzi engcolisiwe, futhi aya ngokuya encipha amanzi ahlanzekile.Izinkampani eziningi seziqalile ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwamanzi.Namuhla, ngizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe.
1. Ukuvumelana nempilo yabantu engokomzimba nengokwengqondo: Ngemva kokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ngokusho kwamanzi okuphuza noma inethiwekhi yokudla, ukungcola kungena emzimbeni, okwenza abantu bashube noma badle ushevu.I-Arsenic, i-chromium, i-ammonium, i-benzene (A) , njll., nayo ingabangela isifo somdlavuza.Amanzi angcoliswe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo yokutheleleka ngegciwane noma amanye amagciwane e-pathogenic angabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo kanye nezifo ezibangelwa yi-parasitic.
2. Ukulimala kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni: Ngemva kokuba indawo ezungezile yamanzi isingcolisiwe, izimali ezidingekayo kufanele zitshalwe ekuhlanzeni indle ezimbonini ukuze kuxazululwe izindleko, okuholela ebuhleni nasekumoshweni kwezinsiza, amandla namandla.Izitobhi zokukhiqiza.
3. Umonakalo omkhulu wokudla okunomsoco: Ezimweni ezivamile, umoya-mpilo uyancibilika emanzini.I-oksijini ye-oksijini ayiyona nje indinganiso yokusinda kwama-microorganisms aphilayo emanzini, kodwa futhi nokubhaliswa komoya-mpilo ukuze ubambe iqhaza ekuphenduleni okuhlukahlukene kwe-air oxidation emanzini nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezingcolile.Kuyisihluthulelo sekhwalithi yamanzi emvelo ahlanzekile.
Ngomkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, inkinga yokungcoliswa kwemvelo iya ngokuya igqama.Futhi kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kochungechunge lwe-ISO14000 lokucaciswa komkhiqizo, amazwe emhlabeni jikelele asheshe aklwebha umkhuba wokuhlola nokuqinisekisa, futhi ukuqwashisa ngokuvikela imithombo yamanzi kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu.
1. Ukwenza ukutholwa kwamanzi angcolile:I-COD, BOD, i-ammonia, i-phosphorus iyonke, i-nitrogen isiyonke, i-fluoride, ama-sulfide, ama-ion asindayo, ama-anion surface asebenzayo, njll.
I-Industrial Production Wastewater (IsiNgisi: Industral Wastewater) iqukethe amanzi angcolile okukhiqiza kanye nokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza amanzi angcolile, okubhekisela emanzini angcolile kanye namanzi angcolile okubangelwa yonke inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.Kuyo Ukungcola okubangelwa inqubo yokukhiqiza.Amanzi akhishwe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.
Ngokwezakhiwo ezingokoqobo zezinto ezingcolisayo ezibalulekile emanzini angcolile akhiqizwa yizimboni, ahlukaniswe: Amanzi angcolile angaphili alawulwa ukungcola okungaphili, amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali e-organic abuswa ukungcola kwe-organic, amanzi angcolile axubile, insimbi enzima equkethe izinto eziphilayo kanye nezinhlanganisela ezingaphili, kanye nezinhlanganisela ezingaphili. amanzi adlula amanzi ajwayelekile, amanzi angcolile aqukethe izakhi ezikhipha imisebe, kanye namanzi ajikelezayo apholisayo angcoliswe indawo yokushisa.Isibonelo, amanzi angcolile enqubo ye-electroplating yamanzi angcolile kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza amaminerali angamanzi angcolile angaphili, futhi amanzi angcolile enqubo yokucubungula ukudla noma uwoyela angamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali aphilayo.
Ngokwalokho okuhloswe yizinkampani ezikhiqizayo izimpahla nokukhiqiza nokucubungula, zingahlukaniswa zibe amanzi angcolile embonini enza iphepha, amanzi angcolile endwangu, amanzi angcolile ethoni, amanzi angcolile kamanyolo, amanzi alahlwayo e-metallurgical industrial, kanye namanzi angcolile acwengisisa uwoyela ngaphezulu.
Izithako ezibalulekile zokungcola emanzini angcolile zingahlukaniswa zibe amanzi angcolile e-pH, amanzi angcolile ane-alkali, amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-phenol, amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-chromium, amanzi angcolile e-organic phosphorus, namanzi angcolile ezinto ezikhipha imisebe.
Amanzi angcolile kuphela phakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile ngemva kokuhlanzwa nokutholwa kwamanzi angcolile angakhishelwa endaweni eshiwo.Akuvunyelwe ukukhipha okungaphezu kwezinga futhi ukuvimbela ukukhishwa okungekho emthethweni.
Okwesibili, ukutholwa kwezingubo zokugqoka, ukudla, izindawo zokuhlala nezokuthutha amanzi angcolile: inani le-pH, i-CODCR, i-NH3-N, i-TP, i-SS, uwoyela ongahluziwe, amafutha ezilwane nezitshalo, njll.
Okwesithathu, ukutholwa kwamanzi angaphezulu: inani le-pH, NH3-N, TP, SS, isidingo somoya-mpilo we-biochemical, njll.
Imvelo yemvelo yamanzi angaphezulu kwamanzi angaphansi kanye nokugcinwa komgomo jikelele kuhlukaniswa njengezigaba ezinhlanu ngokuya ngobude bokusebenza.Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zamanzi ezindawo zamanzi angaphezulu zihlukaniswe izigaba ezinhlanu zephrojekthi entsha yekhwalithi yobuso bamanzi angaphezulu.Ithayipha ngayinye isebenzisa uhlobo oluhlobene lwevelu yesikhombi.Amanani ezinkomba aphezulu anezinhlobo zokusebenza eziphezulu ashaywe kunamanani ezinkomba anezinhlobo eziphansi zokusebenza zamanzi.Emanzini afanayo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemisebenzi yohlelo lokusebenza, futhi amanani ezinkomba afana nezinhlobo ezisebenza kakhulu ayasetshenziswa.Ukugcina ukusebenza kwamanzi kanye nezinhlobo zokusebenza zomsebenzi kunencazelo efanayo.
Okwesine, ukutholwa kwamanzi angaphezulu: amanzi amsulwa nokuqondisa kukagesi, insimbi esindayo eyedlula i-ion ephozithivu evamile, njll.
Iphrojekthi entsha:
I-Aniline, i-formaldehyde yasendlini, ukugcwala kwamanzi, okuqinile okumisiwe, inani le-pH,Isidingo se-biochemical oxygen yezinsuku ezinhlanu (BOD5), inkomba ye-permanganate, i-CODcr, i-phosphorus iyonke, i-polyphosphate, i-chloride, i-arsenic isiyonke, i-chromium ene-hexavalent, i-chromium isiyonke, i-hydrogen cyanide, i-phenol evuthayo, i-funological surfactant, insimbi, i-manganese, i-nickel, i-phenol eguqukayo, izinga lokushisa, i-oxygen encibilikisiwe inani le-nitrogen, ithusi, i-cadmium, i-zinc, umthofu, njll.
Ukubaluleka kokutholwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi:
Ukuphepha kwamanzi aphephile: Ukuqapha izinga lamanzi kungathola ngesikhathi esifanele izinto ezingcolisayo nezinto eziyingozi ezivela emithonjeni yamanzi nakuxhaxha lwamapayipi, kuvimbele izinga lamanzi ukuthi lingangcoliswa futhi kuqinisekise izimpilo nempilo yezakhamizi.
Ukuqapha ukungcoliswa kwemvelo: Iziteshi zokuqapha izinga lamanzi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zihlolwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ezisezindaweni ezihlukene zamanzi zohlobo lwamanzi njengemifula namachibi, kanye nezimo ezibikiwe zokungcoliswa kwamanzi okubangelwa umthombo wamanzi, izimboni, nempilo emthonjeni wamanzi. umhlaba wezolimo, izimboni, nempilo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Isibikezelo sezinguquko zomthombo wamanzi: Ngokuqapha izinga lamanzi, ungaqonda ikhwalithi yamanje yenhlanzeko, indawo ezungezile nesimo sokungcoliswa kwempahla yemithombo yamanzi, bese ubikezela ukuthambekela kwemithombo yamanzi futhi uqondise ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi.
Ukuhlolwa nomphumela wokuphatha: Ukuqapha njalo izinga lamanzi kungaqonda ngesikhathi esifanele imiphumela yokubusa kokungcola kanye nemithelela yako, futhi kunikeze abasebenzi abaphethe imvelo ukuze balungise futhi bathuthukise uhlelo lokuphatha kanye nezinyathelo ngesikhathi ukuze kwenziwe ngcono umphumela wokubusa.
Ngamafuphi, ukuqapha izinga lamanzi, njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi, kunesiqinisekiso esibalulekile somphumela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo yemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo nokusetshenziswa, kanye nezinga lempilo yezakhamuzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-01-2023
