I-turbidity isho izinga lokuvinjwa kwesixazululo ekudluleni kokukhanya, okuhlanganisa ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya ngento emisiwe kanye nokumuncwa kokukhanya ngama-molecule asolute.I-turbidity yamanzi ayihlobene kuphela nokuqukethwe kwezinto ezimisiwe emanzini, kodwa futhi ihlobene nobukhulu bayo, ukuma kanye nenkomba ye-refractive.Iyunithi yi-NTU.
I-turbidity ngokuvamile ifaneleka ekunqumeni izinga lamanzi lamanzi emvelo, amanzi okuphuza kanye namanzi athile ezimbonini.Izinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe kanye nama-colloid njengenhlabathi, udaka, i-organic matter, i-inorganic matter, ne-plankton emanzini kungenza amanzi aguquguquke futhi alethe imfucumfucu ethile.Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yamanzi, i-turbidity eyakhiwe yi-1 mg SiO2 emanzini ayi-1L iyunithi eyodwa ye-Standard turbidity, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-1 degree.Ngokuvamile, lapho i-turbidity iphezulu, isixazululo siyaguquguquka.Ukulawulwa kokukhukhuleka kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlanza amanzi ezimbonini kanye nenkomba ebalulekile yekhwalithi yamanzi.Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa okuhlukene kwamanzi, kunezidingo ezihlukene zokuthuthumela.I-turbidity yamanzi okuphuza akufanele idlule i-1NTU;i-turbidity yamanzi engeziwe ukuze ajikeleze ukwelashwa kwamanzi okupholisa kuyadingeka ukuthi abe ngama-2 kuya ku-5 degrees;amanzi anethonya (amanzi aluhlaza) okwelashwa kwamanzi akhishwe usawoti ane-turbid Izinga le-turbidity kufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-3;ukwakhiwa kwemicu eyenziwe umuntu kudinga ukuthi udaka lwamanzi lube ngaphansi kwamadigri angu-0.3.Njengoba izinhlayiya ezimisiwe kanye ne-colloidal ezakha i-turbidity ngokuvamile zizinzile futhi ngokuvamile zinecala elibi, ngeke zihlale ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.Ekwelashweni kwamanzi ezimbonini, izindlela zokuhlanganisa, ukucacisa kanye nokuhlunga zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela kwamanzi.
Isilinganiso se-turbidity
I-turbidity nayo ingakalwa nge-nephelometer.I-nephelometer ithumela ukukhanya ngengxenye yesampula futhi ikala ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okuhlakazwe yizinhlayiya emanzini nge-engeli engu-90° ekukhanyeni kwesigameko.Le ndlela yokulinganisa ukukhanya okuhlakaziwe ibizwa ngokuthi indlela yokuhlakaza.Noma iyiphi i-turbidity yangempela kufanele ilinganiswe ngale ndlela.Imitha ye-turbidity ifanele kokubili izilinganiso zenkundla nezaselabhorethri, kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo ubusuku nemini.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuhlonza i-turbidity: I-Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) ku-ISO 7027, Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) ku-USEPA Method 180.1 kanye ne-Nephelometry ku-HJ1075-2019.I-ISO 7027 kanye ne-FNU asetshenziswa kakhulu eYurophu, kuyilapho i-NTU isetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States nakwamanye amazwe.I-ISO 7027 ihlinzeka ngezindlela zokunqunywa kwe-turbidity kwikhwalithi yamanzi.Isetshenziselwa ukunquma ukugxila kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe kusampula yamanzi ngokulinganisa ukukhanya kwesigameko okuhlakazeke kuma-engeli angakwesokudla ukusuka kusampula.Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kuthathwa yi-photodiode, ekhiqiza isignali kagesi, bese iguqulwa ibe yi-turbidity.I-HJ1075-2019 ihlanganisa izindlela ze-ISO7029 kanye ne-180.1, futhi yamukela isistimu yokuthola imishayo emibili.Uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu yokuthola i-single-beam, isistimu ye-dual-beam ithuthukisa ukunemba kwe-turbidity ephezulu nephansi.Kunconywa ngokwezinga ukukhetha i-turbidimeter enokukhanya kwesigameko okungu-400-600 nm kumasampula angaphansi kuka-10 NTU, kanye ne-turbidimeter enokukhanya kwesigameko okungu-860 nm±30 nm kumasampuli anemibala.Ukuze lokhu, uLianhua yakhelweI-LH-NTU2M (V11).Ithuluzi elishintshiwe lamukela i-turbidimeter ehlakazekayo engu-90° ngokushintsha okuzenzakalelayo kokukhanya okumhlophe kanye nemishayo ephindwe kabili ye-infrared.Uma kutholwa amasampula angaphansi kwe-10NTU, kusetshenziswa umthombo wokukhanya we-400-600 nm.Uma ithola ukuguquguquka okungaphezulu kwe-10NTU Ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya we-860nm, ukuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo, ukushintsha kwe-wavelength okuzenzakalelayo, kuhlakaniphe kakhulu futhi kunembe.
1. I-EPA180.1 ikhishwe yi-US Environmental Protection Agency.Isebenzisa isibani se-tungsten njengomthombo wokukhanya futhi ifaneleka ukulinganisa amasampula ane-turbidity ephansi njengamanzi ompompi namanzi okuphuza.Ayilungele izixazululo zesampula ezinemibala.Sebenzisa i-400-600nm wavelength.
2. I-ISO7027 iyindinganiso ekhishwe yi-International Organisation for Standardization.Umehluko kusukela ku-EPA180.1 ukuthi ama-nano-LED asetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, futhi izitholi eziningi zezithombe zingasetshenziswa ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha okulinganisa abangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesampula yamanzi noma ukukhanya okulahlekile.Ubude begagasi 860±30nm.
3. I-HJ 1075-2019 ikhishwe uMnyango Wezemvelo Nezemvelo wezwe lami, ohlanganisa izinga le-ISO7027 kanye nezinga le-EPA 180.1.Nge-400-600nm kanye no-860± 30nm wavelength.Izinga eliphezulu neliphansi lemfucumfucu lingatholwa, amanzi okuphuza, amanzi omfula, amanzi okubhukuda, kanye namanzi angcolile angatholwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-23-2023
